This chapter deals with the optimal design of the most expensive part of a pressurised irrigation system, i.e., its pipe network. The problem of calculating the optimal pipe size diameters of an irrigation network has attracted the attention of many researchers and designers. During the process of designing an irrigation pipe network, the hydraulic engineer will face the problem of determining ...

1.1. Flows driven by a constant pressure gradient through a pipe of circular cross section When the flow of a Newtonian fluid in a pipe of circular cross section is driven solely by a constant pressure gradient, the resulting velocity distribution is a quadratic function of the radial distance from the axis of the pipe. The velocity profile of such a flow has, therefore, a parabolic distributio...

The optimization of water distribution networks are complex, multi-modal and discretevariable problems that cannot be easily solved with conventional optimization algorithms. Hence, evolutionary techniques such as genetic algorithms and simulated annealing have been extensively employed during the last decade. This study adopts a Tabu search (TS), which is an evolutionary method based on explic...

This paper describes a tactile sensing system based on a force/torque sensor for the feet of a pipe crawling robot. Such a sensing system is needed for better optimization of force and joint load distribution and a safer avoidance of the risk of foot slippage. While conventional tactile sensing devices typically provide information concerning the spatial distribution of normal pressures, the in...

An expression for the transmitted fraction of the uniform and parallel radiation incident upon the coupler between two rectangular light pipes of different physical dimensions is derived. It is a function of the pipe dimension ratio and the angle of the incident radiation. It is shown that for radiation nearly parallel to the pipe axis, it is possible to design a coupler for any pipe dimension ...

Waves and vortex shedding in corrugated pipes during gas injection can produce distinct tonal noise and structural vibration. In this study, we propose a model which couples an acoustic pipe and self-excited oscillation with vortex shedding over the cavity. In the model, the acoustic response of the corrugated pipe is simulated by connecting the lossless medium moving with a constant velocity w...

The feeder pipe in the pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR) is exposed to a possible leakage during operation. Because of the geometrical complexity of the pipe and its inaccessibility due to a high radiation environment, it is difficult to examine the defect by the conventional ultrasonic method. The guided ultrasonic inspection was chosen for the inspection of the pipe. The torsional mode h...

This paper considers a 3-D thermos-mechanical analysis to investigate the effect of welding direction, tack weld, root gap and process on deformation in hub flange pipe joint. Multi-pass for single ‘V’ butt-weld joint geometry is simulated weld path used with realistic bead. 3 different direction (2-path, 4-path diagonally, from bottom) are analyzed how presence or absence affects was analyzed....