We discovered a novel canine picornavirus in fecal, nasopharyngeal, and urine samples from dogs. The coding potential of its genome (5'-VP4-VP2-VP3-VP1-2A-2B-2C-3A-3B-3C(pro)-3D(pol)-3', where 3C(pro) is 3C protease and 3D(pol) is 3D polymerase) is similar to those of other picornaviruses, with putative P1, P2, and P3 sharing 54% to 58%, 60%, and 64% to 67% amino acid identities with bat picorn...

Proteases that are encoded by animal picornaviruses and plant como- and potyviruses form a related group of cysteine-active-center enzymes that are essential for virus maturation. We show that these proteins are homologous to the family of trypsin-like serine proteases. In our model, the active-site nucleophile of the trypsin catalytic triad, Ser-195, is changed to a Cys residue in these viral ...

This study used real-time PCR assays to screen small sample volumes for a comprehensive range of 35 respiratory pathogens. Initial thermocycling was limited to 20 cycles to avoid competition for reagents, followed by a secondary real-time multiplex PCR. Supplementary semi-nested human metapneumovirus and picornavirus PCR assays were required to complete the acute respiratory pathogen profile. P...

The strains of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus, a picornavirus, are divided into two groups according to their neurovirulence after intracerebral inoculation. The highly virulent GDVII strain causes an acute, fatal encephalomyelitis, whereas the DA strain causes a mild encephalomyelitis followed by a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease associated with viral persistence. Studies ...

Six neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were used to isolate MAb neutralization-resistant (MAR) mutants from a recent European strain of swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV), ITL/9/93. Sequencing of MAR mutants identified two epitopes located at positions analogous to sites 2A (VP2) and 3B (VP3) on poliovirus (PV) which have been previously identified on a Japanese strain of SVDV. A third...

The substrate recognition properties of the polio-virus type 1 and coxsackievirus B3 3C proteinases have been examined in vitro by allelic and suballelic exchange of 3C between the cloned virus genomes. The activity of the altered 3C proteinases was examined by translation of synthetic RNA in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate/HeLa cell extract translation system. Analysis of the subsequent processin...

Picornaviruses are responsible for a range of human and animal diseases, but how their RNA genome is packaged remains poorly understood. A particularly poorly studied group within this family are those that lack the internal coat protein, VP4. Here we report the atomic structure of one such virus, Ljungan virus, the type member of the genus Parechovirus B, which has been linked to diabetes and ...

Human rhinovirus (HRV) replication triggers exacerbation of asthma and causes most acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs), which may manifest as influenza-like illness. The recent assignment of 60 previously unknown HRV types to a third HRV species, Human rhinovirus C, raised questions about the prevalence of these picornavirus types in the community, the extent of HRV diversity at a single site, a...

A pandemic of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis occurred in south-east Asia during 1970 and 1971, and became epidemic in Lucknow in May 1971. From the conjunctival swabs adenovirus-like agents were isolated in monkey kidney tissue culture; one was typed as adenovirus 2. In paired sera rising antibody titres were found against an adeno-like agent isolated and the picornavirus (EC2/71) isolated i...

BACKGROUND Enterovirus 71 (EV71) belongs to picornavirus family and could be classified phylogenetically into three major genogroups (A, B and C) including 11 genotypes (A, B1-B5 and C1-C5). Since 1997, EV71 has caused large-scale of epidemics with neurological complications in Asian children. In Taiwan, nationwide EV71 epidemics with different predominant genotypes have occurred cyclically sin...