Water supply systems are massive consumers of energy, which is consumed in each of the stages of the water production and supply chain: starting from pumping the water to the water treatment plant, along the treatment process and while distributing the water via the network. Energy efficiency may be achieved by improving the pump station design, system design, installation of Variable Speed Dri...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Emboli and proinflammatory mediators are suspected of generating cerebral edema after coronary surgery. In contrast to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (OPCAB) reduces microemboli count and proinflammatory mediator release but carries the risk of hemodynamic instability. A microaxial blood pump can augment cardiac output. METHODS Cor...

A simulation model for the CO2 heat pump water heater was developed and validated in this study. Component models of the gas cooler, evaporator, compressor, and expansion valve were constructed with careful consideration for the heat transfer performances. To validate the simulation model, experiments were carried out using an actual CO2 heat pump water heater (water heating capacity: 22.3 kW; ...

Two-stage decomposition-dynamic programming aggregation method has been first proposed and introduced to solve the mathematical model of daily optimal operation for parallel pumping stations with adjustable-blade units. Taking minimal daily electricity cost of single pump station as objective function, the water quantity pumped by each station as coordinated variable, by means of the type of th...

STUDY OBJECTIVES Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) represents a specific risk factor for renal damage during coronary revascularization. The purpose of this study was to compare the perioperative renal damage in patients undergoing on-pump and off-pump coronary surgery. DESIGN AND PATIENTS The progress and extent of renal damage was prospectively studied in two groups of patients undergoing cardia...

For many countries, increasing energy efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas emissions are key countermeasures to cope with the energy crisis and climate change. Of the various heating equipment such as heat pumps, gas-fired boilers, oil-fired boilers, or electric boilers, heat pumps are widely adopted for space heating, water heating, and process heating by households, business, and industry d...

There is growing interest in zero-energy and low-energy buildings, which have a net energy consumption (on an annual basis) of almost zero. Because they can generate both electricity and thermal energy through the use of solar photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal collectors, and with the help of reduced building thermal demand, low-energy buildings can not only make a significant contribution to...

This paper presents a new approach to control variables in chilled water loops for energy conservation. Based on the analysis of the relationships between differential pressure and chilled water flow rate in chilled water loop, a series of optimal set points can be found to reset the controlled variables. With these reset set points, chilled water pumps only provide the necessary energy for wat...

A novel type of nanolasers, which combines the advantages of photonic crystal lasers and microdisk lasers, has been demonstrated based on InAlGaAs/InGaAs quantum wells using pulsed optical pumping at room temperature. It incorporates the properties of small footprint, small mode volume, and submilliwatt threshold, and favors vertical emission. We believe that this type of laser acts as a promis...

This paper investigates 3D simulation of fluid flow in a centrifugal pump from the Detroit Diesel company to extract possible engine cooling trends.  The velocity and pressure profile of water, the coolant, is analyzed and the characteristic curves of the pump are derived. This provides a useful evaluation of the pump performance at all working conditions. For this aim, a computational fluid dy...