The Seine river watershed is characterized by a high population density and intense agricultural activities. Data show low microbiological water quality in the main rivers (Seine, Marne, Oise) of the watershed. Today, there is an increasing pressure from different social groups to restore microbiological water quality in order to both increase the safety of drinking water production and to rest...

One of the most important attributes of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is its exquisite sensitivity. However, the high sensitivity of PCR also renders it prone to falsepositive results because of, for example, exogenous contamination. Good laboratory practice and specific anti-contamination strategies are essential to minimize the chance of contamination. Some of these strategies, for exam...

Background: Physical wedges are still widely used as beam modifiers in external beam radiotherapy. However the presence of them in the beam trace may cause beam hardening which may not be considered in many treatment planning systems. The aim of this study is to investigate the beam hardening effect generated by physical wedges via different beam quality indexes as photon spectrum, half value l...

Exclusive yy -+ hadron pairs are among the most fundamental processes in &CD, providing a detailed examination of Compton scattering in the crossed channel. In the high momentum transfer domain (s, t, large, 19,~ for t/s fixed), these processes can be computed from first principles in &CD, yielding important information on the nature of the QCD coupling a, and the form of hadron distribution am...

background : in spite of clinically useful photon and electron beams, high energy linacs produce secondary particles such as neutrons (photo-neutron production). neutrons have important roles during treatment with high energy photons in terms of protection and dose escalation. in this project, neutron dose equivalent of 18 mv varian accelerators is calculated by tld600 and tld700. materials and...

In this study, we examined the effects of formic acid administration to the drinking water on performance, intestinal microflora and carcass contamination in male broilers. A total of 312 day-old male broiler chicks were allocated to two groups with three replicates. The first group (control) received normal drinking water (pH 7.4) during the experiment. The second group consumed acidified drin...

When designing a cleanroom to achieve a required airborne cleanliness standard or grade, such as specified in ISO 1464411 or the European Union Guidelines to Good Manufacturing Practice (EU GGMP)2, designers have difficulties deciding how much filtered air should be supplied to the cleanroom to achieve the correct airborne cleanliness requirement. Currently, this decision is based on experience...

Studies of photon-photon collisions are reviewed with particular emphasis on new results reported to this conference. These include results on light meson spectroscopy and deep inelastic ey scattering. Considerable work has now been accumulated on resonance production by yy collisions. Preliminary high statistics studies of the photon structure function F$(x,Q2) are given and comments are made ...