With the recent advancement of gigabit fiber communication and the photonic distribution of microwave signals, there is a growing need to characterize the high-speed optical signals found in such systems. This task is typically accomplished with a high-speed photodetector followed by an instrument such as a sampling oscilloscope, a radio frequency (RF) spectrum analyzer, or a vector network ana...

The semiconductor device modeling program PC-1D and the programs that support its use in high-accuracy modeling of photodiodes, all of which were described in Part I of this series of papers, are used to simulate oxide-bias self-calibration experiments on three different types of silicon photodiodes. It is shown that these simulations can be used to determine photodiode characteristics, includi...

We have developed a laboratory-on-a-chip microarray system based on nanolitre-capacity wells etched in silicon. We have devised methods for dispensing reagents as well as samples, for preventing evaporation, for embedding electronics in each well to measure fluid volume per well in real-time, and for monitoring the fluorescence associated with the production or consumption of NADH in enzyme-cat...

A method was developed for determining residual sulfonamide antibacterials such as sulfamethazine (SMZ), sulfamonomethoxine (SMM), sulfadimethoxine (SDM), and sulfaquinoxaline (SQ) in eggs using liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector. The spiked and blank samples were cleaned up by using an Ultrafree-MC/PL centrifugal ultrafiltration unit. A Mightysil RP-4 GP column and a mobile...

A dynamic range expansion technique for CMOS image sensors with dual charge storage in a pixel and multiple sampling technique is presented. Each pixel contains a photodiode and a storage diode which is connected to the photodiode via a separation gate. The sensitivity of the signal charge in the storage diode can be controlled either by a separation gate which limits the charge to flow into th...

Thermal images of active semiconductor devices are acquired and processed in real time using visible light thermoreflectance imaging with 34 mK sensitivity. By using a 16316 alternating current coupled photodiode array with synchronous frequency domain filtering a dynamic range of 123 dB is achieved for 1 s averaging. Thus with a stable and higher power light source, fundamentally the camera ca...

The simulation of current impulse response using random response time model in avalanche photodiode is presented. A random response time model considers the randomness of times at which the primary and secondary carriers are generated in multiplication region. The dead-space effect is included in our model to demonstrate the impact on current impulse response of thin avalanche photodiodes. Curr...

Instrumentation for stroboscopic time-resolved diffraction studies at low temperatures is described. Exciting laser light is delivered to the crystal through an optical fiber. During the diffraction experiment, fluorescence from the sample is focused onto a fiber optic bundle surrounding the laser-light fiber, and monitored by a photodiode. A rotating slotted disk produces a pulsed X-ray beam w...

A 106-cm long, nearly confocal cavity with high reflectivity mirrors (R >99.9% at 355 nm, r = 100 cm) was used for the cavity ring down spectrometer. Probe laser radiation was passed through one of the mirrors into the cavity. The probe radiation was generated by spatially filtering the frequency doubled fundamental output from a dye laser. Spatial filtering used a pinhole and lens assembly. A ...

and test fucture. The light generated by a high speed 800nm wavelength transmitter was coupled to the detectors using a singlemode fibre. The level of optical power was adjusted by a variable optical attenuator. Fig. 3 shows the eye diagram of a 2.4Gbit/s input current to the laser transmitter and the received eye diagram at 1V9 error rate. The bit error rate (BER) has been measured against inc...