Hydrolases constitute an enormous proportion of our enzymes, being responsible for the initiation of most digestive processes and numerous physiological processes. They are defi ned as enzymes that use a molecule of water to degrade substrates including all four kinds of biological molecules; namely, nucleic acids (nucleases), proteins (proteases), lipids or fats (lipases), and carbohydrates or...

As a part of our continuing work to improve the flame retardance of some chain-growth polymers, by employing a reactive route, we have synthesized several unsaturated compounds containing either phosphorus (P), or both phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N), bearing groups in different chemical environments. They included: diethyl(acryloyloxymethyl)phosphonate (DEAMP); diethyl(1-acryloyloxyethyl)phosp...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are believed to play a role in development of several diseases. L-ascorbic acid (AsA) is a kind of excellent antioxidant, but its instability in solution and hydrophilicity limits the wide use of it. Structural modifications of AsAby the introduction of lipophilic moieties can lead to derivatives with increased stability against thermal and oxidative degradation. I...

Aminoacyl adenylates (aa-AMPs) constitute essential intermediates of protein biosynthesis. Their polymerization in aqueous solution has often been claimed as a potential route to abiotic peptides in spite of a highly efficient CO2-promoted pathway of hydrolysis. Here we investigate the efficiency and relevance of this frequently overlooked pathway from model amino acid phosphate mixed anhydride...

The behavior of four phosphate ester additives with varying levels phosphorus concentrations (very high, medium, and low) was examined through the course drilling a Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy at constant metal removal rate (4.2 mm3/s). Cutting fluid (CF) were evaluated using torque, specific cutting energy (SEC), tool wear. conditions employed had significant influence on performance additives. A...

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from rabbit muscle reacts rapidly with /3-(2-furyl)acryloyl phosphate (FA-phosphate) in aqueous solutions at neutral pH to yield an active site-specific, spectrophotometrically identitlable /3-(2-furyl)acryloyl enzyme (FA-enzyme). This acyl-enzyme reacts with arsenate, phosphate, and NADH to give p-(2furyl)acrylic acid, FA-phosphate, and P-(2-furyl)acrol...

Cholesterol and ether lipids are ubiquitous in mammalian cell membranes, and their interactions are crucial in ether lipid mediated cholesterol trafficking. We report on cholesterol's molecular interactions with ether lipids as determined using a combination of small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering, and all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. A scattering density profile model for an e...

Phosphorus plays a critical role in cellular biology (5). Many cellular processes require phosphorus in one form or another and include nucleic acid synthesis and metabolism (37), energy metabolism (42, 46), cellular signaling (38), membrane integrity (53, 58), muscle function (10, 33), enzyme activity (74), lipid metabolism (25), and bone mineralization (30). Phosphorus is present in virtually...

Classification and analysis of ionic lipides and glycolipides are simplified greatly when the method of Dawson (1) for deacylation is followed by paper chromatographic separation of the resultant phosphate diesters and glycosides. With radioactive lipides the radiochromatographic method provides the sensitivity and accuracy essential for studies of the metabolism of these important compounds. T...