Kirja-arvio: Kristo Vesikansa, Philip Tidwell & Laura Berger, New Standards – Timber Houses Ltd. 1940–1955 (Helsinki: Garret Publications, 2021).

OBJECTIVE To describe the nature and timing of, and population exposure to, Philip Morris USA's three explicit corporate image television advertising campaigns and explore the motivations behind each campaign. METHODS Analysis of television ratings from the largest 75 media markets in the United States, which measure the reach and frequency of population exposure to advertising; copies of all...

The objective of this study was to determine whether the 2004 USA Dewine-Kennedy Bill is congruent with Philip Morris' core policy principles for United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulation of tobacco and what impact that would have on the public health. I compared the Dewine-Kennedy Bill with 1999 Philip Morris core policy principles for FDA regulation. Additional supporting da...

The concept of process maturity proposes that a process has a lifecycle that is measured by the extent to which the process is explicitly defined, managed, measured, controlled and effective. A maturity model assumes that progress comes in stages, ultimately reaching an end goal. The supply chain maturity model is based upon concepts developed by Philip Crosby, who devised a maturity grid for t...

abstract infiltration is one of the most important phenomena which is affected by the soil physical and hydraulic characteristics. measurement of infiltration needs the high cost and is time consuming, therefore estimation of infiltration is necessary. also, due to variability of soil moisture, it is important to determine the appropriate model for the estimating the infiltration rate. the pres...

A quadratic discrete time probabilistic model, for optimal portfolio selection in (re-)insurance is studied. For positive values of underwriting levels, the expected value of the accumulated result is optimized, under constraints on its variance and on annual ROE’s. Existence of a unique solution is proved and a Lagrangian formalism is given. An effective method for solving the Euler-Lagrange e...

Starting from a passage of Demosthenes’ Fourth Philippic, the essay examines career Hermias Atarneus, in particular controversial issue his relationship with Philip II Macedonia. In this regard, an attempt is made to reject claim that arrival Aristotle at was desired by secure bridgehead for expedition Asia, whereas there no reason believe had already been planned first half Forties. fact, it r...

OBJECTIVE To analyse the development and execution of the "Creative Solutions" Benson & Hedges advertising campaign to understand its social, political, and commercial implications. METHODS Searches of the Philip Morris documents and Legacy Tobacco Documents websites for relevant materials; Lexis/Nexis searches of major news and business publications; and denotative and connotative analyses o...

BACKGROUND The tobacco industry has organised research institutions to generate misleading data on indoor air quality, including second-hand smoke exposure and health effects. OBJECTIVES To describe tobacco industry involvement in the organisation and financial support of an air quality research laboratory in El Salvador. METHODS Tobacco industry documents on the internet were systematicall...