In 1600, William Gilbert of Colchester published the standard treatise on the difference between magnetism and electricity. He died a few years later, and his analysis was the canon of European thinking on the subject for 300 years. In 1894, Pierre Curie suggested that electricity and magnetism might be coupled in materials, but theoretical and experimental validation only came at the end of th...

Preliminary results from the DØ experiment on jet production with rapidity gaps in pp collisions are presented. A class of dijet events with a forward rapidity gap is observed at center-of-mass energies √ s = 1800 GeV and 630 GeV. The number of events with rapidity gaps at both center-of-mass energies is significantly greater than the expectation from multiplicity fluctuations and is consistent...

A according to a widely shared view of science, scientific theories predict and explain facts about "observables": objects and properties which can be perceived by the senses, sometimes augmented by instruments. In the tradition associated with logical positivism, this view receives an influential formulation in terms of a supposed distinction between two kinds of vocabularies and an allied cla...

The field of nonlinear “induced-charge” electrokinetics is rapidly advancing, motivated by potential applications in microfluidics as well as by the unique opportunities it provides for probing fundamental scientific issues in electrokinetics. Over the past few years, several surprising theoretical predictions have been observed in experiments: (i) induced-charge electrophoresis of half-metalli...

A description and comparison of various EXAFS-like phenomena are presented based on theoretical and practical considerations. Most of the phenomena are similar but not exactly the same as EXAFS. This does not limit their usefulness for structure determination but requires separate experimental calibration and theoretical calculations.

Gel becomes an important class of soft materials since it can be seen in a wide variety of the chemical and the biological systems. The unique properties of gel arise from the structure, namely, the three-dimensional polymer network that is swollen by a huge amount of solvent. Despite the small volume fraction of the polymer network, which is usually only a few percent or less, gel shows the ty...

Though the licensing conditions for each reading and perhaps also the default values differ cross-linguistically, it seems always possible for any verb form in any language to alternate between a generic-like reading and an episodic reading. As, for example, in the contrast between Mary swam (last night) and Mary swam whenever she needed to unwind. Formal semantics has overwhelmingly chosen to ...

*Professor of Medicine, T.N. Medical College (Retd.), Hon. Physician, Bhatia Hospital, Mumbai; **Consultant Internal Medicine, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Mumbai O Loewi (1873 1961) studied medicine at the University of Strasbourg and obtained his medical degree in 1896. Thereafter he worked in London under Starling. In 1905, he went to Austria and held professorial positions at the Un...

In this paper we investigate how case features are represented and processed during language comprehension. To this end, we explored the phenomena of case attraction in German in a series of four experiments using a speeded grammaticality judgment procedure. Case attraction leads to errors that are akin to subject-verb agreement errors intensively studied in English and other languages (e.g. Bo...

A fundamental electrokinetic phenomenon is the electro-osmotic flow of a liquid electrolyte (solution of positive and negative ions) past a charged surface in response to a tangential electric field. Electrophoresis is the related phenomenon of motion of a colloidal particle or molecule in a background electric field, propelled by electro-osmotic flow in the opposite direction. The basic physic...