We present a case report of patient who underwent complex reconstruction the pharynx and esophagus with microsurgical anterolateral thigh flap deltopectoral for an extensive defect in cervical region. will discuss little about flap, which was first choice defects past, but nowadays it is still important tool head neck reconstruction.

A case of linguatulosis due to Linguatula serrata, a zoonotic pentastomid parasite in the pharynx of a 35 year old woman from Shiraz is described. After removal of the parasites the patient was discharged without any further complaints.

INTRODUCTION Recent trends in incidence rates for tobacco-related cancers may vary geographically because of variation in socioeconomic status and in history of comprehensive state tobacco control programs (starting with California in 1989). Recent trends in risk factors are likely to affect cancer incidence rates at the youngest ages METHODS Trends in age-adjusted incidence rates for cancers...

there are significant structural differences between the mouth and pharyngeal cavity of birds and mammals. it is usual to refer to a common oropharyngeal cavity of birds because the soft palate, which forms such an obvious delineation between the mouth and pharyngeal cavity, is absent. six male adult ostriches were used to study the oropharyngeal cavity and its components including the beak, ha...

many soil nematodes, Caenorhabditis elegans feeds on bacteria suspended in liquid. Bacteria are transported from the mouth to the intestine by a neuromuscular tube called the pharynx. The pharynx functions as a pump, generating pressure to force food into the intestine, necessary because the interior of the nematode is at higher pressure than the surrounding environment (Harris and Crofton, 195...