BACKGROUND Methadone is a unique µ-opioid receptor agonist. Although several researchers have insisted that the pharmacological effects of methadone are mediated through the blockade of NMDA receptor, the underlying mechanism by which methadone exerts its distinct pharmacological effects compared to those of other µ-opioid receptor agonists is still controversial. In the present study, we furth...

Off-target pharmacology may contribute to both adverse and beneficial effects of a new drug. In vitro pharmacological profiling is often applied early in drug discovery; there are fewer reports addressing the relevance of broad profiles to clinical adverse effects. Here, we have characterized the pharmacological profile of the active metabolite of fostamatinib, R406, linking an understanding of...

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy") is increasingly used by young people for its euphoric and empathic effects. MDMA can be used in combination with other drugs such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. A clinical trial was designed where subjects pretreated with paroxetine, one of the most potent inhibitors of both 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake and CYP2D6 activity, were c...

Brain aging and aging-related neurodegenerative disorders are major health challenges faced by modern societies. Brain aging is associated with cognitive and functional decline and represents the favourable background for the onset and development of dementia. Brain aging is associated with early and subtle anatomo-functional physiological changes that often precede the appearance of clinical s...

the main objective of this study was to investigate biocompatibility and provide in vivo pharmacological and toxicological evidence for further investigation of the possibility of ph sensitive ion exchange resin microsphere for clinical utilizations. acute toxicity study and general pharmacological studies were conducted on the ph sensitive ion exchange resin microsphere we prepared. the genera...

Objective: Rose oil is obtained from the petals of difference Rosa species especially Rosa centifolia L. and Rosa damascena Mill. Various pharmacological properties have been attributed to rose oil. The aim of the present study was to review the rose oil therapeutic effects which had been clinically evaluated in trial studies. Materials and Methods: Google scholar, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and...

urtica dioica is a perennial plant used as herbal medicine due to its many pharmacological and clinical effects. because of its antioxidant activity, it is widely used in traditional diabetes treatment but is also known as antimicrobial, anti inflammatory or anti prostate cancer agent. extensive studies have been conducted on different parts of this plant and their biological effects. here we r...

Centella asiatica is mostly used in Chinese & Ayurvedic, Unani medicine as a Memory Enhancer, Nervous system disorders, and Topical Skin Disease treatments. Triterpenoids, Saponins are important chemical constituents believed to exert these pharmacological actions. Apart from this it’s also diarrhoea, fever, amenorrhea, reliving anxiety cognitive effects’ or Gotu kola often confused with nu...