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Bob Steneck is professor of marine biology, oceanography and marine policy in University of Maine’s School of Marine Sciences. He is a marine ecologist whose ‘laboratories’ include coral reefs in the Caribbean and Indopacific oceans and kelp forests of the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans. He has published over 150 scientific papers on topics including lobsters, sea urchins, fish, corals...

Recent years have witnessed a crisis in journalism. Newspaper staffs have been cut by a third since 2000 (Pew Research Center 2013). Stock prices of major newspaper companies have fallen by more than half over the same period. The costly work of gathering, interpreting, and disseminating news—activities widely believed to have large positive political and social externalities (Downs 1957; Becke...

Can an increase in male wages make the woman in the family, or even the whole family, worse off? On the face of it, this seems paradoxical, since the overall resources of the household are improved by the wage increase. This paper shows that the chain reactions set in motion by such a wage increase in labor markets can end up by making not only the woman but the whole family worse off because o...

Religion has long played a very important role in different cultures and it is natural to imagine that when there is more instability or the deaths and crime rates are growing there are more loses and therefore more people look for consolation in religion. If that was the case there should be much more religiosity in Latin America less developed countries which is not true. In fact the United S...

Global climate change — perhaps even more than other environmental problems — can be addressed successfully only with a solid understanding of its economic dimensions. This paper, prepared as an introduction to the economics section of a forthcoming book from the Pew Center on Global Climate Change, provides a primer for non-economists on how economic analysis can be brought to bear on three br...

Andrew received his first degree in natural sciences from the University of Cambridge and a Masters degree from the University of Manchester, followed by a PhD with Stephen Taylor in Manchester. He then moved to California in 2007 with an EMBO long-term fellowship for his postdoctoral research with Don Cleveland at the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research. In 2013, Andrew started his own lab as...

Introduction [1] It is the intimacy with which he speaks which arrests me. This silver haired Augustinian priest, pried from the parish rectory on a weekday afternoon by my journalistic entreaties, leans over the back of the blond wood pew between us and, in a voice gentled with tenderness, speaks of the polychrome wooden figure set in the marbled side altar before us. Rising above an ornate Eu...

In stochastic learning, weights are random variables whose time evolution is governed by a Markov process. At each time-step, n, the weights can be described by a probability density function pew, n). We summarize the theory of the time evolution of P, and give graphical examples of the time evolution that contrast the behavior of stochastic learning with true gradient descent (batch learning)....