1.1 Significance of baculovirus-insect cell culture system The application of baculoviruses for insect pest management is traced back to the 19th century. One of the first reported attempts to use such a virus on an operational scale is the introduction of a multinucleocapsid nucleopolyhedroviruses (MNPV) into the populations of the nun moth, Lymantria monacha in Germany in 1892. Natural agents...

Approximately 50% of total harvested cereal grains are lost during the post-harvest handling and storage, insects main cause for both quantity (reductions in weight) quality. In present study effect microwave radiation was studied on one stored product pest, flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Hersbt). Adult were obtained from infested products at stores specialized selling Sakaka. Insects with i...

Pesta-pelletized Steinernema carpocapsae (All) nematodes were used in soil treatments in the greenhouse against larvae of Western corn rootworm and prepupae of Colorado potato beetle. The pesta-pellets delivered 100,000 living nematodes/g. Infective-stage nematodes and their associated bacteria survived the pesta-pellet process, emerged from the pellets in large numbers in the soil, and reduced...

beet armyworm (spodoptera exigua (hubner)) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) is the most economically important sugar beet (beta vulgaris) pest worldwide. the main control method of this pest is insecticides use. thus, it is important to develop alternative means of controlling this pest, including host plant resistance using plant lectins. in the current study, the effects of gna (galanthus nivalis agg...

sunn pest is one of the most important cereal pests that affect both grain yield and quality of cerealin iran. one potential control strategy is to use entomopathogenic fungi such as beauveriabassiana vuillemin as mycoinsecticide to control this pest. naturally infested sunn pests inkermanshah province were collected and brought to laboratory. 10 isolates were selected forfurther analysis in th...

Global warming impacts diverse organisms not only directly but also indirectly via other organisms with which they interact. Recently, the possibility that elevated temperatures resulting from global warming may substantially affect biodiversity through disrupting mutualistic/parasitic associations has been highlighted. Here we report an experimental demonstration that global warming can affect...

We studied the infestation rate of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris by xylophagous insects in relation to distance from forest lakes in eastern Latvia, northern Europe. In summers of 2008 and 2009, we felled 72 pines of approximately 65 years age. Sections of the logs were incubated in insect emergence traps. The trees located near lakes were significantly less infested by xylophagous insects than t...

Characteristic volatile chemicals are credited with the major role of guiding herbivorous insects to their host plants. Studies comparing how insects find host plants growing in backgrounds of clover and bare soil indicated that it is not chemical, but visual stimuli that govern where the insects land. A mechanism of hostplant finding is proposed in which chemical cues start and end the process...

For millennia, secondary plant metabolites have antagonized microorganisms, insects and humans alike, ultimately generating a complex and dynamic mixture of facultative and obligate interactions from symbioses to pathogenicity. Secondary plant metabolites have an important role in developing the myriad of organic pollutant-degrading enzymes found in nature. The link between secondary plant meta...