Article history: Received: 7 Mar 2013 Accepted: 29 May 2013 Available online: 30 Nov 2013 ZJRMS 2014 Dec; 16(12): 1-7 The herbicide parquet (1, 1-dimethyl-4, 4-bipyridilium dichloride; PQ) is a highly toxic quaternary nitrogen herbicide. Many cases of PQ acute poisoning and death have been reported over the past few decades. The mechanisms of PQ toxicity have been reported to involve the genera...

Background. Efficacy of standard dose of primaquine (PQ) as antirelapse for P. vivax has decreased. We aimed to assess efficacy of different PQ regimens. Methods. It was an open label, randomized, controlled, parallel group, assessor blind study comparing antirelapse efficacy of 3 PQ regimens (B = 15 mg/day × 14 days, C = 30 mg/day × 7 days, and D = 30 mg/day × 14 days) with no PQ group (A) in ...

BACKGROUND It is not clear whether the pronator quadratus (PQ) muscle actually heals and provides a meaningful pronation force after volar plating for distal radius fractures (DRFs). We aimed to determine whether the length of the PQ muscle, which is dissected and then repaired during volar plating for a DRF, affects the forearm rotation strength and clinical outcomes. METHODS We examined 41 ...

The effects of H-bonding on the redox potential and molecular vibrations of plastoquinone (PQ) that functions as a primary and a secondary quinone electron acceptor (QA and QB, respectively) in photosystem II (PSII) in plants and cyanobacteria were investigated using density functional theory calculations. Calculations were performed on the neutral and semiquinone anion forms of PQ and its H-bo...

Wind farms can affect the power quality (PQ) of the power supply grid, with subsequent impacts on the safe and stable operation of other electrical equipment. A novel PQ prediction, early warning, and control approach for the common coupling points between wind farms and the network is proposed in this paper. We then quantify PQ problems and provide rational support measures. To obtain predicte...

Power quality (PQ) is an issue that is becoming increasingly important to electricity consumers at all levels of usage. Improvement of PQ has a positive impact on sustain profitability of the distribution utility on the one hand and customer satisfaction on the other. To improve the power quality problems, the detection of PQ disturbances should be carried out first. The PQ problems vary in a w...

The molecular mechanism (or mechanisms) at the basis of paraquat (PQ) (a widely used herbicide) toxicity is far from being fully understood. Until now, two main points of view have emerged: 1) PQ-related cell injuries could be mediated by toxic oxygen free radicals coming from the metabolism of the herbicide by the microsomal enzyme system, and/or 2) PQ, by inducing initochondrial swelling and ...

Paraquat (PQ) poisoning-induced pulmonary fibrosis is one of the primary causes of death in patients with PQ poisoning. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are involved in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Snail and β-catenin are two other factors involved in promoting EMT. However, the relationship among HIF-1α, Snail and β-catenin in PQ poison...

Paraquat (PQ) is a highly toxic herbicide that is used in most of the countries without restriction. The cytotoxic effect of PQ is mediated by radicals, which are the products of PQ reduction in cells. The anti-oxidative action of captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, appears to be through its ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species. In this study, the heptoprotective effec...