microglia is a type of glial cell located throughout the central nervous system (cns), which is sensitive to cns injury and disease. responsibility of microglia as the resident macrophage cells for injuries suggests that these cells have the potential to act as diagnostic markers of disease beginning or progression. function of microglia is strongly synchronized by the microenvironment of brain...

in this study, a 2.5-year-old boy suffering from a febrile seizure with normal laboratory tests and a history of immune hemolytic anemia was examined. brain mri demonstrated some tumors in the frontal, parietal, and occipital lobe that corroborated the pathology results of primary central nervous system lymphoma for the patient. the patient was treated with high- dose of methotrexate. our resul...

The peripheral nervous system has complex and intricate ramifications throughout many target organ systems. To date this system has not been effectively labeled by genetic markers, due largely to inadequate transcriptional specification by minimum promoter constructs. Here we describe transgenic mice in which enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) is expressed under the control of endogenous...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a very common neurodegenerative disease among the elderly population. Current treatments for Parkinson’s disease are based on symptom therapy but not the underlying cause of the disease. This disorder is caused neuronal death which triggers the activation of resident glial cells. This situation leads to neuroinflammation in the central nervous system. Activated...

Need-to-know facts about the nervous system: fundamentals The nervous system can be divided into three main anatomical divisions: • the central nervous system (CNS): consists of the brain, brainstem and spinal cord • the peripheral nervous system (PNS): comprising the nerves that leave the brainstem and the spinal cord • the autonomic nervous system (ANS): includes the sympathetic and parasympa...

INTRODUCTION The peripheral nervous system is usually involved in the majority of systemic connective tissue diseases, particularly in systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, vasculitis and systemic sclerosis. The pathogenesis of lesions in the peripheral nervous system associated with the autoimmune process is complex and it appears that two mechanisms, immunological and ischemic, ar...

Injury to axons of the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is accompanied by the upregulation and downregulation of numerous molecules that are involved in mediating nerve repair, or in augmentation of the original damage. Promoting the functions of beneficial factors while reducing the properties of injurious agents determines whether regeneration and functiona...

a severe myelin deficit secondary to an arrest of myelinogenesis. A great number of morphological and biochemical studies have shown that the myelin sheath formed in the brain of Quaking mutants is abnormal (for a review, see Hogan, 1977). Although the central nervous system of the Quaking mice was studied extensively, only a little attention was devoted to myelin in the peripheral nervous syst...