Mutation of the breast cancer-associated gene 1 (BRCA1) plays an important role in familial breast cancer. Although hypermethylation of the BRCA1 promoter has been observed in sporadic breast cancer, its exact role in breast cancer initiation and association with breast cancer risk is unknown. The frequency of BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation was tested in (a) 14 primary breast cancer biopsies a...

Fox-Fordyce disease (FFD) is a rare inflammatory disorder that affects the apocrine sweat glands. Clinically, lesions are equidistant, smooth, uniform, firm, folliculocentric papules, which can range in color from flesh-colored to red-brown to slightly yellow. Whereas the axillae are most commonly involved, FFD also can involve the anogenital and periareolar areas, lips, umbilicus, sternum, per...

Salivary gland metaplasia is a newly recognized, adenosis-like lesion which could not be classified according to known categories of adenosis of the breast. We report a case of basaloid ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) arising in a background of salivary gland metaplasia in a 49-year old woman who visited our hospital for a right breast mass. Breast ultrasonography showed a multi-lobulating mixe...

AIM To assess the influence of time on the reliability of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in breast cancer patients with previous excisional biopsy (EB), analyzing both the sentinel lymph node detection and the lymph node recurrence rate. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-six patients with cT1/T2 N0 breast cancer and previous EB of the lesion underwent a lymphoscintigraphy after subdermal periare...

Higher intakes of the omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) relative to the omega-6 arachidonic acid (AA) have been variably associated with reduced risk of premenopausal breast cancer. The purpose of this pilot trial was to assess feasibility and explore the effects of high-dose EPA and DHA on blood and benign breast tissue risk biomarkers before design of a placeb...

BACKGROUND Gynecomastia (GM) is a benign condition with glandular tissue enlargement of the male breast. GM is classified into 4 grades of increasing severity. We describe a series of GM grade I-II, diagnosed, treated surgically and analyzed regarding feasibility, complication rate, and satisfaction. METHODS From 2005 to 2012, a chart review was performed for 53 patients. Preoperative examina...

Five years of tamoxifen reduces breast cancer risk by nearly 50% but is associated with significant side effects and toxicities. A better understanding of the direct and indirect effects of tamoxifen in benign breast tissue could elucidate new mechanisms of breast carcinogenesis, suggest novel chemoprevention targets, and provide relevant early response biomarkers for phase II prevention trials...

BACKGROUND High-profile round saline breast implants that permit a better match of implant diameter to the base diameter of the breast are now available. OBJECTIVE The advantages and disadvantages of high-profile breast implants are defined from the point of view of the author's initial experience. METHODS The maximal optimal breast implant was determined on the basis of preoperative measur...

Background: Gynecomastia is the most common benign proliferation of the glandular tissue of the male breast and is caused by an alteration of the balance between estrogen and androgen concentrations. In most cases, the treatment of choice is surgery. In this study, we aimed to indicate the efficacy of established surgical procedures for the correction of gynecomastia, as evaluated according to ...

BACKGROUND Subfascial placement of breast implants for augmentation has been advocated as an option that has some of the advantages of both the subpectoral and subglandular approaches while minimizing the disadvantages of each. OBJECTIVE The author reports on the use of the subfascial approach in athletic and thin individuals, including extension of the range of applications for this approach...