To determine whether fasting and meal-induced appetite-regulating hormones are altered during lactation and associated with body weight retention after childbearing, we studied 24 exclusively breastfeeding women (BMI = 25.2 ± 3.6 kg/m(2)) at 4-5 weeks postpartum and 20 never-pregnant controls (BMI = 24.0 ± 3.1 kg/m(2)). Ghrelin, PYY, GLP-1, and appetite ratings were measured before/and 150 minu...

metabolic syndrome (mets) as a collection of obesity-associated disorders is associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, pro-thrombotic state, elevated risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. adiponectin is one of the most abundant peptide hormones derived from adipose tissue. this protein plays a major role in glucose and lipid metabolism and prevents development of ...

The presence or absence of peptide hormones in tissue extracts may in certain cases be demonstrated by exposing the extracts to conditions under which characteristic fragments of the polypeptide molecule in question are formed and then analyzing for such fragments. An approximate quantitation of the hormones may also be achieved thereby. In the present work the COOH-terminal fragments of polype...

A fully automated technique for the extraction and clean-up of low-molecular weight analytes from human serum and urine is presented. Its efficiency for sample clean-up prior to immunological assay is demonstrated for six adrenal and gonadal steroid hormones, calcidiol and the peptide hormones gastrin, insulin and glucagon. A more intensive sample clean-up, which is mandatory for liquid chromat...

The current obesity epidemic is fuelled by the availability of highly palatable, calorie-dense food, and the low requirement for physical activity in our modern environment. If energy intake exceeds energy use, the excess calories are stored as body fat. Although the body has mechanisms that act to maintain body weight over time, they primarily defend against starvation and are less robust in p...

The male reproductive hormonal axis Maintenance of normal reproductive function is depend­ ent on the coordinated release of hormones in the hyp o­ thalamic−pituitary−testis cascade. Gonadotropin­releasing hormone (GnRH) is released in a pulsatile pattern into the pitu­ itary portal blood system from neuroendocrine cells in the basal hypothalamus and acts to stimulate gonadotropes in the anter­...

Central nervous system (CNS) receives peripheral relevant information that are able to regulate individual's energy balance through metabolic, neural, and endocrine signals. Ingested nutrients come into contact with multiple sites in the gastrointestinal tract that have the potential to alter peptide and neural signaling. There is a strong relationship between CNS and those peripheral signals (...

Pancreatic islet beta-cells secrete the hormones insulin, amylin and pancreastatin. To search for further beta-cell hormones, we purified peptides from secretory granules isolated from cultured murine beta TC6-F7 beta-cells. We identified a 34-amino-acid peptide (3948 Da), corresponding to Asp(69)-Leu(102) of the proinsulin-like growth factor II E-peptide, which we have termed 'preptin'. Prepti...

The earliest endocrine cells in the developing pancreas make glucagon and are described as alpha cells. We show here that these cells express islet amyloid polypeptide and prohormone convertase 1/3 (PC1/3), proteins that are not expressed by mature alpha cells, but are found in beta cells. PC1/3 converts proglucagon to the functionally distinct hormones glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and GLP-2 r...

Abstract The obesity pandemic requires effective preventative and therapeutic intervention strategies. Successful sustained treatment is currently limited to bariatric surgery. Modulating the release of gut hormones considered promising mimic surgery with its beneficial effects on food intake, body weight, blood glucose levels. peptide secretin was first molecule be termed a hormone; neverthele...