Zollinger and Ellison (1955) showed that the intestine in patients with islet cell tumour of the pancreas was liable to ulcerate at sites typical and atypical of 'peptic' ulcer. These ulcers have been described histologically after resection as being similar to the commonly seen peptic ulcer but reports as to the state of the mucosa between the ulcers or elsewhere in the intestine are few. We h...

A large amount of epidemiological evidence has accumulated indicating a significant relationship between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and chronic gastritis [1,2], peptic ulcers [3], intestinal metaplasia [4,5], and adenocarcinoma [6–8] or lymphoma [9] development. In 1994, the World Health Organization/International Agency for Research on Cancer concluded that “Hp is a definite carcinogen...

changes observed on electron microscopy, and the mtDNA mutations. The electron microscopy study of peptic ulcer tissue showed swollen mitochondria and a loss of cristae within the mitochondrial cytoplasm. The mtDNA copy number of the peptic ulcer tissue samples was 2.5 times higher than that from the blood cells (2 180 547 vs 863 846 copies/ L). Proposed interactions among host, environment, an...

Background: There is much controversy as to whether or not treatment of Helicobacter pylori reduces the occurrence of peptic ulcers during therapy with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Aim: To assess the efficacy of triple therapy or omeprazole on the occurrence of diclofenac associated ulcers in H pylori positive patients. Methods: This was a randomised, double blind, placebo co...

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are major pathogenic factors in peptic ulcer disease but whether these two factors exert synergistic or antagonistic action on the gastric mucosa has been a subject of controversy. The classic concept states that there is an increased ulcer occurrence and bleeding in patients with both H. pylori infection and NSAI...

Acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage due to peptic ulcer bleeding remains an important cause of emergency presentation and hospital admission. Despite advances in many aspects of management, peptic ulcer bleeding is still associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Comprehensive international guidelines have been published, but advances as well as controversies c...

Background: Risk of recurrent bleeding from Helicobacter pylori-negative ulcers is greater than for H pylori ulcers, but to what degree is unknown. Objective: To determine the risk of rebleeding for peptic ulcers with and without associated H pylori infection. Design: Prospective cohort study in 1 institution over 7 years. Participants: 120 patients had H pylori-negative peptic ulcer bleeding a...

Since William Beaumont's classic description of gastric physiology in 1847, the focus of clinical practice and basic research concerning gastric and duodenal ulcers has centered on the secretion of acid and pepsin. In addition to these well-known factors (largely determined by heredity, age, and oral intake), the search for other agents that alter the mucosal barrier has identified a bacillus, ...