Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is a cereal crop that has the potential to be developed in Indonesia as food, feed and industrial crop. C4 plant advantage of efficiency hot dry environments. Drought stress one most limiting environmental factors for productivity worldwide, can caused by water deficits soil atmosphere. On decreasing leaf status, rate CO2 assimilation conductance stomata decr...

Rubus L. is a large and taxonomically complex genus, species of which exhibit apomixis, polyploidy, and frequent hybridization. Most of Chinese Rubus are assigned in two major sections, Idaeobatus and Malachobatus. To explore the phylogenetic relationships within Chinese Rubus, inferences upon three chloroplast DNA (rbcL, rpl20-rps12, and trnG-trnS), nuclear ribosomal ITS, and two low-copy nucl...

health psychologist (PGS in Spanish) in 2011, there has been a heated debate on the training process in the field of clinical psychology, stoked by academics, professionals and students, but primarily ignited by poor and chaotic regulation. The central point of the discussion is whether the new master’s degree in general health psychology (MPGS in Spanish) should be an essential condition for a...

C4 photosynthesis evolvedmore than 60 times independently in different plant lineages. Each time, multiple genes were recruited into C4 metabolism. The corresponding promoters acquired new regulatory features such as high expression, light induction, or cell typespecific expression in mesophyll or bundle sheath cells. We have previously shown that histone modifications contribute to the regulat...

Genus Suaeda (family Chenopodiaceae, subfamily Suaedoideae) has two structural types of Kranz anatomy consisting of a single compound Kranz unit enclosing vascular tissue. One, represented by Suaeda taxifolia, has mesophyll (M) and bundle sheath (BS) cells distributed around the leaf periphery. The second, represented by Suaeda eltonica, has M and BS surrounding vascular bundles in the central ...

We generated antisense constructs targeting two of the five Rubisco small subunit genes (OsRBCS2 and 4) which account for between 30–40 % RBCS transcript abundance in leaf blades. The were driven by a maize phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) promoter known to have enriched expression mesophyll cells (MCs). In resulting lines leaf, protein content was reduced 30–50 CO2 assimilation rate limi...

Udotea flabellum is a marine, macroscopic green alga with C4-like photosynthetic characteristics, including little O2 inhibition of photosynthesis, a low CO2 compensation point, and minimal photorespiration; but it lacks anatomical features analogous to the Kranz compartmentation of C4 plants, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase [PEPC; orthophosphate:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (phosphorylating)...

C4 photosynthesis evolved more than 60 times independently in different plant lineages. Each time, multiple genes were recruited into C4 metabolism. The corresponding promoters acquired new regulatory features such as high expression, light induction, or cell type-specific expression in mesophyll or bundle sheath cells. We have previously shown that histone modifications contribute to the regul...