Future pension liabilities depend critically on the life expectancy of the members of a pension scheme. This remark applies equally to public and private schemes, and to defined-benefit and defined-contribution schemes. Some pension providers use the age-period-cohort model to forecast mortality. We examine some of the pitfalls in this approach. Our methods are based on the theory of constraine...

This briefing is part of the World Bank’s Pension Reform Primer: a comprehensive, up-to-date resource for people designing and implementing pension reforms around the world. For more information, please contact Social Protection, Human Development Network, World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20433; telephone +1 202 458 5267; fax +1 202 614 0471; e-mail [email protected]....

This article examines how the pension insurance provided by the PBGC and the tax treatment of pension plans affect the cost of labor and capital. Two important aspects of the insurance program are (1) the premium schedule and (2) an employer's liability for unfunded pension benefits (the deductible). These two aspects interact to increase the cost of capital relative to labor, especially for fi...

This briefing is part of the World Bank’s Pension Reform Primer: a comprehensive, up-to-date resource for people designing and implementing pension reforms around the world. For more information, please contact Social Protection, Human Development Network, World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20433; telephone +1 202 458 5267; fax +1 202 614 0471; e-mail [email protected]....

Means-tested pension policies are typical for many countries, and the assessment of policy changes is critical for policy makers. In this paper, we consider the Australian means-tested Age Pension. In 2015, two important changes were made to the popular Allocated Pension accounts: the income means-test is now based on deemed income rather than account withdrawals, and the income-test deduction ...

This Pension funds nowadays in India play a huge role in development of the economy and it play active role in the Indian equity markets. A change both in their investment attitudes and in the regulatory climate, encouraging them to increase their investment levels in equities and would have a massive impact on capital market and on the economy as a whole. This paper examines the potential and ...

It is of vital importance to examine the relationship between pensions and household consumption/saving because this forms a link between social policy and economic development. Based on theories of absolute income, permanent income, and the life-cycle hypothesis, this paper constructs panel data models to investigate the effect of public pension participation and benefit level on household con...

Pensions are an important and increasingly common supplement to Social Security benefits for persons aged 65 or older--particularly for those in the the middle and upper income quintiles. By 1990, pension income was reported by 44 percent of all elderly units--57 percent of the couples and 34 percent of unmarried persons. This article discusses the role of pensions in the income of the elderly;...

BACKGROUND Hearing difficulties is a large public health problem, prognosticated to be the ninth leading burden of disease in 2030, and may also involve large consequences for work capacity. However, research regarding sickness absence and disability pension in relation to hearing difficulties is scarce. The aim was to gain knowledge about hearing difficulties or other ear-related diagnoses and...

OBJECTIVES This prospective cohort study examines number of self-reported days of sickness absence as a risk marker for future disability pension among a representative sample of employees in Denmark 1990-2004. MATERIAL AND METHODS 4177 employees between 18 and 45 years were interviewed using a self-administered questionnaire in 1990 regarding sickness absence, age, gender, socioeconomic posi...