Populist leaders have consistently rejected evidence-based policies in responding to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. They acted later and with less intensity than non-populists implementing public health measures such as physical distancing, lockdowns, developing data sets. We describe responses of ten large countries populist leadership at onset pandemic (Brazil, Hungary, India, Mexico, Philipp...

This paper discusses the tough love model of intergenerational altruism we developed and some of on-going empirical research on tough love behavior in survey data collected in Japan and United States. The tough love model modifies the Barro-Becker standard altruism model in two ways. First, the child’s discount factor is endogenously determined, so that low consumption at young age leads to a h...