Distributed hydrological models are valuable tools to derive distributed estimation of water balance components or to study the impact of land-use or climate change on water resources and water quality. In these models, the choice of an appropriate spatial discretization is a crucial issue. It is obviously linked to the available data, their spatial resolution and the dominant hydrological proc...

A B S T R C Soil is one of humanity's most essential natural resources and provides numerous ecosystem services, therefore, the assessment vulnerability to soil identify extent fragility preparing suitable plans for conservation area. Thus, this research aimed evaluate loss emergency Canaã dos Carajás, in Pará state (East Amazonia), because it a strategic location development country, also regi...

ecosystem type and soil taxonomy has been compared, and the taxonomic approach appeared to be more meanMathematical modeling has widely been used to predict soil organic ingful in creating a real picture of spatial distribution carbon (SOC). However, there are characteristics of the models such as over simplification, ignorance of complex nonlinear interactions of SOC. Attempts have been made t...

Proxy information is used to stratify larger areas, and then measurements within each of these strata are agCarbon storage in soils is important to forest ecosystems. Moreover, gregated and multiplied by the area of each stratum forest soils may serve as important C sinks for ameliorating excess (Schimel and Potter, 1995). Soil survey maps and laboraatmospheric CO2. Spatial estimates of soil or...

where SOC is the surface organic content; R, G, and B are image intensity values in the red, blue and green Past research has attempted to relate surface characteristics of soils bands, respectively; and a, b, c and d are curve-fit paramto reflectance from remotely sensed images to provide a means for quantifying spatial heterogeneity. Existing procedures have proven eters. The Chen et al. (200...

the relationship between some measure of soil P and runoff dissolved P (Gburek et al., 2000; Coale et al., The relationship between soil test P (STP) and dissolved reactive 2002; Vadas et al., 2002). However, recent research has P (DRP) in runoff has been shown to vary with soil type due to differences in soil properties. This study was conducted to determine shown that this relationship will v...

sons, clay and organic matter differences between soils should be incorporated into any kind of predictive model. Measuring the cation exchange capacity (CEC) for all horizons of Several researchers have attempted to predict CEC every map unit component in a survey area is very time consuming from clay and organic C contents alone, using multiple and costly. The objective of this study was to d...

I n recent years within the culturalhistorical approach children’s play and learning has been conceptualized in relation to institutional practice (i.e., in the family, in the kindergarten or in school). Research has started to follow children as they move between two or more institutions (Hedegaard & Fleer, 2008, 2013, 20008, Kousholt, 2010, Winther-Lindqvist, 2010). From a developmental persp...

introduction: playa is one of the most important landscapes in arid regions which covers about 1% of the world's total land area. study of playas is important from different points of view especially pedology, sedimentology, mineralogy, environmental geology, groundwater and surface water chemistry. more than 60 playas have been identified in iran. considering the fact that playas and surroundi...