Advances in technology have made surgery in children safer and faster. The management of pediatric cataract has made rapid progress in the past decade with the availability of safer anesthesia, newer technique's, more predictable intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation, a better understanding of neurobiology, genetics, amblyopia management, improved IOL designs for preventing visual axis opaci...

The velopharynx is a complex structure that is responsible for separation of the oral and nasal cavities during speech production and swallowing. Incompetence of this mechanism can lead to hypernasality, with nasal air emission and incomprehensible speech, as well as nasopharyngeal regurgitation. There can be a significant social stigma associated with velopharyngeal dysfunction, and surgical t...

Introduction Over the past decade advances in optical miniaturization systems used in endoscopes and computer assisted image guidance systems have led to an explosion of new minimally invasive surgical techniques for treating spinal deformities. Patients prefer minimally invasive surgery because such techniques give the promise of better cosmetic effect and reduced recovery times. Many of these...

Children with craniofacial abnormalities provide some of the most difficult challenges for anesthesiologists today. Whether the patient is scheduled for reconstructive surgery or a procedure unrelated to their anomaly, the care of these patients can be consuming and demanding. Since 1967 when the plastic surgeon Paul Tessier successfully demonstrated the correction of many deformities once thou...

OBJECTIVES To review the use of robotic surgery in pediatric urology and provide a platform from which discussions regarding this technology can arise. METHODS The available literature and the experience at the author's institution were reviewed to examine the applications of robotic surgery in pediatric urology. MEDLINE was queried using the following key words: robot, robotic, laparoscopy, ...

Sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) in children are caused by a diverse group of anatomic and physiologic pathologies. These disorders share a common clinical presentation as stertor or sonorous breathing, occasionally accompanied by apneic events of variable duration. Successful management depends on accurate identification of the site of obstruction and the severity of obstruction. Inter...

BACKGROUND Scoliosis surgery in childhood is associated with a range of postoperative complications that may require admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) or high-dependency unit (HDU). AIM The aim of this study was to identify preoperative factors associated with PICU and HDU admissions after corrective surgery and devise a scoring system that could be used by clinicians to p...

Pediatric epilepsy has a wide variety of etiology and severity. A recent epidemiological study suggested that surgery might be indicated in as many as 5% of the pediatric epilepsy population. Now, we know that effective epilepsy surgery can result in seizure freedom and improvement of psychomotor development. Seizure control is the most effective way to improve patients neurologically and psych...