Palmitic acid (PA) and other saturated fatty acids are known to stimulate pro-inflammatory responses in human immune cells via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). However, the molecular mechanism responsible for fatty acid stimulation of TLR4 remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that PA functions as a ligand for TLR4 on human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDCs). Hydrophobicity protein modeling i...

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown to cause an inhibition of A431 cells in G2 phase within approximately 10 min, i.e., shortly before mitosis (Kinzel et al., Cancer Res., 50: 7932-7936, 1990). This system has been used to study the proposed role phospholipid metabolites, particularly phosphatidic acid (PA), may play (Kaszkin et al., Cancer Res., 51: 4328-4335, 1991) in the extracellul...

In high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells (HTPEFC) the quantity and concentration of phosphoric acid (PA) in the catalyst layer and, if wetted, in the gas diffusion layer (GDL) depends on operating conditions. The distribution, concentration and mobility of the PA relates to performance and durability of the HT-PEFC [1]. X-ray radiography (providing 2D information) has been developed f...

Phosphatidic acid (PA) from swine and beef RBCs was isolated by chromatography on silicic acid columns. It comprised about 1 per cent of the total lipid phosphate in RBCs, but was eluted nearly pure from columns. An uncharacterized inositide accounted for 5 to 10 per cent of the phosphate in the PA-containing fraction. When cells were incubated with HP(32)O(4) (=), the fraction containing PA be...

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a sensor of cellular energy status found in all eukaryotes. Recent studies indicate that AMPK activation strongly suppresses cell proliferation in tumor cells, which requires high rates of protein synthesis and de novo fatty acid synthesis for their rapid growth. Pomolic acid (PA) has been previously described as being active in inhibiting the growth of ca...

Abstract Epoxy resin has been widely applied in coating preparation, due to its excellent properties. The anti‐corrosion performance improvement of epoxy‐based coatings attracted much attention. synergistic effect the barrier function two‐dimensional fillers and slow release inhibiter proven be an effective way improve coatings. In this work, phytic acid (PA) intercalated hydrotalcite (HT) was ...

Excessive intake of purine-rich foods elevates serum levels of uric acid. Animal and fish meats contain high amounts of inosine and its related purines, and the reduction of taking those purines is crucial for the improvement of serum uric acid levels. We previously showed that Lactobacillus gasseri PA-3 (PA-3) incorporates adenosine and its related purines and that oral treatment with PA-3 red...

Streptomyces antibioticus produces a family of actinomycin components which differ solely at the "imino acid" site of the molecule; however, new congeners of actinomycin are synthesized when cultures are supplemented with pipecolic acid (PA). The quantitative and qualitative nature of the actinomycins produced differed when cultures were incubated in the presence of either l-, d-, or racemic PA...

Increased phosphatidic acid (PA) and phospholipase D (PLD) activity are frequently observed in various disease states including cancers, diabetes, sepsis, and thrombosis. Previously, PA has been regarded as just a precursor for lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and diacylglycerol (DAG). However, increasing evidence has suggested independent biological activities of PA itself. In the present study, we...

Biomass phytic acid has potential flame retardant value as the main form of phosphorus in plant seeds. In this study, phytate-based retardants aluminum phytate (PA-Al) and iron (PA-Fe) were synthesized characterized. Subsequently, they introduced into rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) by one-step water-blown method. The results indicated that RPUF/PA-Fe30 exhibited highest char residue 22.1 wt%, s...