Before the characterization of human and animal models of estrogen deficiency, estrogen action was confined in the context of the female bone. These interesting models uncovered a wide spectrum of unexpected estrogen actions on bone in males, allowing the formulation of an estrogen-centric theory useful to explain how sex steroids act on bone in men. Most of the principal physiological events t...

Osteoporosis is a growing health concern worldwide and its complications are as prevalent as other common chronic disease complications such as hypertension and diabetes. In this review, we will discuss the role of gender in osteoporosis, especially related to peak bone mass and maturation, rate of annual bone loss, screening, prevalence of osteoporosis and its related fractures, mortality afte...

aCentre for Menstrual Cycle and Ovulation Research, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. Received on April 30, 2017. HOW CAN WE PROTECT PEAK BONE MASS AND FUTURE BONE HEALTH FOR ADOLESCENT WOMEN? – BY SUPPORTING OVULATION AND AVOIDING COMBINED HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION USE Como podemos proteger o pico de massa óssea e a saúde óssea futura em mulheres ado...

Osteoporosis causes considerable morbidity and mortality in later life, and the risk of the disease is strongly determined by peak bone mass, which is achieved in early adulthood. Poor intrauterine and early childhood growth are associated with reduced peak bone mass, and increased risk of osteoporotic fracture in older age. In this review we describe the regulatory aspects of intrauterine bone...

peak bone mineral density (pbmd) is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, genes explains most of variation. as the novel candidate genes catsperb and nr5a2 may have been associated with spinal pbmd in adult. this study was to investigate the relationship among these two genes^ pbmd and the life style factors in young female.the rs1298989 single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) of t...

2. Albertazzi P, Bottazzi M, Steel SA. Bone mineral density and depot medroxyprogesterone acetate. Contraception. 2006;73:577-83. Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) suppresses pituitary gonadotrophin output, thus, suppressing ovulation. Estrogen production from the ovary is also strongly inhibited, and the resulting estrogen deficiency has a detrimental impact on b...

Introduction: Several studies indicate that peak bone mass, reached during the third decade in life, is an important determinant of osteoporosis later in life. Physical activity with dynamic loading of the bone is an important determinant of peak bone mass. Exercise especially before and during puberty is associated with increased bone density and cortical bone size in children and young adults...

Hypoestrogenism is referred to lower than normal serum levels of estrogen. Hypoestrogenism can be regarded as typical and physiological in postmenopausal women. However, hypoestrogenism which oocurs in young women is related to pathological background. There are two groups of disorders in young women related to hypoestrogenism: hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. H...

UNLABELLED Osteoporosis is characterized by reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk. Fat mass is a determinant of bone strength and both phenotypes have a strong genetic component. In this study, we examined the association between obesity associated polymorphisms (SNPs) with body composition, BMD, Ultrasound (QUS), fracture and biomarkers (Homocysteine (Hcy), folate, Vit...