BACKGROUND Clinical diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes like Parkinson's disease (PD), corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is hampered by overlapping symptomatology and lack of diagnostic biomarkers, and definitive diagnosis is only possible post-mortem. OBJECTIVE Since impaired protein degradation plays an important role in many neurodegenerative disorder...

BACKGROUND The balANZ trial recently reported that neutral pH, low glucose degradation product (biocompatible) peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions significantly delayed anuria and reduced peritonitis rates compared with conventional solutions. This article reports a secondary outcome analysis of the balANZ trial with respect to peritoneal membrane function. METHODS Adult, incident PD patients ...

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified the GAK/DGKQ/IDUA region on 4p16.3 among the top three risk loci for Parkinson's disease (PD), but the specific gene and risk mechanism are unclear. Here, we report transcripts containing the 3' clathrin-binding domain of GAK identified by RNA deep-sequencing in post-mortem human brain tissue as having increased expression in PD. Furthermor...

Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 targeted therapy is widely used for the treatment of various intractable malignancies and develops therapeutic option in frontier fields oncology treatment. On contrary, these immune checkpoint therapies sometimes develop undesirable adverse reaction as results activation to organs. Herein, we report a case cutaneous reactions during PD-1/PD-L1 both atezolizumab pembrolizumab pa...

Dear Editor, In the past issue of the Iranian Journal Kidney Disease, Park and colleagues compared the standard peritoneal dialysis (PD) solution to the low glucose degradation products (GDP) solution in a 3-year follow-up.1 Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an effective and established form of renal replacement therapy in end -stage renal disease over the past 30 years, which is used by approximatel...

PURPOSE Mammalian programmed cell death (PD)-1 is a membrane-associated receptor regulating the balance between T-cell activation, tolerance, and immunopathology; however, its role in neurons has not yet been defined. The hypothesis that PD-1 signaling actively promotes retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death within the developing mouse retina was investigated. METHODS Mature retinal cell types exp...

BACKGROUND Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive malignancy with a distinct natural history and dismal prognosis. SCLC is characterized as a recalcitrant neoplasm with limited therapeutic options and platinum-based chemotherapy is the treatment of choice. Programmed cell death-ligand 1(PD-L1)-mediated immune escape may be a suitable target for specific therapy, but its role in SCLC is ...

INTRODUCTION Identifying ideal non typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) vaccine candidates has not been easy due to extensive sequence and antigenic variation among gene products interacting with the immune system. Protein D (PD) is a highly conserved 42 kDa surface lipoprotein available in all H. influenzae, including NTHi. METHODOLOGY In this study, the gene encoding PD was cloned from H....

PURPOSE Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand, PD-L1, are regulators of immune/ inflammatory mechanisms. We explored the potential involvement of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in the inflammatory response and tissue damage in cardiac injury models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Ischemic-reperfused and cryoinjured hearts were processed for flow cytometry and immunohistochemical studies for determination of card...

BACKGROUND Increased levels of oxidized proteins have been reported in the serum of patients with end-stage renal disease, though little is known regarding the oxidized protein content of the dialysate in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) and no information is available as to how this may correlate with important clinical and laboratory variables, including abnormal peritoneal membrane funct...