Background DNA methylation of the immune checkpoint gene PD-L1 has recently been shown to be associated with PD-L1 mRNA expression in various malignancies. This study aimed to investigate the association of PD-L1 and PD-L2 methylation with mRNA expression, immune cell infitration, protein expression and human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patie...

background: one third of patients with parkinson’s disease (pd) have mentioned “dysphonia” as their most debilitating communication deficit. patient-based measurements, such as voice handicap index (vhi) add necessary supplementary information to clinical and physiological assessment. there are a few studies about relation between vhi and disease severity in pd, although none of them showed any...

the key to successful long-term peritoneal dialysis (pd) is permanent and safe access to peritoneal cavity. the two most commonly used tenckoff catheters for pd are the straight and coiled catheters. the present study was undertaken to assess the catheter survival, catheter associated infections, and all cause mortality and to compare the straight with coiled catheters in pd. during april 1997-...

objective: previous studies showed that grape seed extract (gse) is an excellent natural substance with potent antioxidant effect and free radical scavenger. this study aimed to evaluate the effect of gse on motor dysfunctions and thalamic local electroencephalography (eeg) frequency bands' powers in rats with parkinson's disease (pd). materials and methods: in this study 8 µg 6-hydro...

abstract introduction: it is demonstrated that the degree of clinical improvement in parkinson's disease (pd) achieved by deep brain stimulation (dbs) is largely dependent on the accuracy of lead placement. in addition, individual variability in the situation of subthalamic nucleus (stn) is responsible for spatial inter-individual fluctuations of the real patient's target. objective: our study ...

ABSTRACTParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neuropathological and debilitating disorder involving the degeneration of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. Neuroprotective effect of hesperetin has already been reported, therefore, this study examined whether the administration of this flavonoid would attenuate behavioral abnormalities in an experimental model of PD in rat. For this purpose, unilateral ...

Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies have been proved one of the most promising treatments against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, whether anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies can provide added benefits for pretreated patients with advanced NSCLC and which patients are most likely to benefit from anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy remain controversial. This meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety between...

parkinson’s disease (pd) is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by tremor, rigidity, and slowness of movements. specific changes associated with various pathological attacks in parkinson’s disease can be indicated in causality interactions of the brain network from resting state fmri data. in this paper, we aimed to reveal the network architecture of the directed influence brain n...

due to unique applications of palladium nanoparticles, synthesis of these nanoparticles by a simple andlow cost method is very important. in this work, pd nanoparticles were synthesized with narrow sizedistribution by loading metal salt (pd(oac)2 ) into the polymeric matrix (peg) as reducing agent andstabilizer. also, the effect of metal salt concentration and peg molecular weight on the conver...

Binding of programmed death-1 (PD-1) with its ligands (PD-L1/2) transmits a co-inhibitory signal in activated T-cells that promotes T-cell exhaustion, leading to tumor immune evasion. The efficacy of antibodies targeting PD-1 and PD-L1 has led to a paradigm shift in lung cancer treatment but the prognostic and predictive value of tumor PD-L1 expression remains controversial. Evaluating PD-1, PD...