BACKGROUND/METHODS In Germany, iodine deficiency is common. In a representative group of 2,500 Germans (age >13 years), using a specially designed food questionnaire, the iodine intake was calculated. In addition, iodine and creatinine concentrations in spot urine samples were determined in three groups with a possibly increased risk of iodine deficiency (769 conscripts, 886 pairs of mothers an...

OBJECTIVE In NOD.H2h4 mice, high dietary iodine intake has been known to cause iodine-accelerated spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis (ISAT) via an unknown mechanism. The aim of the study was to examine whether the NOD.H2h4 genetic background predisposes to enhanced iodine organification in thyroglobulin (Tg), a target autoantigen in ISAT. DESIGN To avoid issues associated with an ongoing anti...

OBJECTIVE To examine the importance of iodine nutrition during pregnancy. DESIGN Review of existing literature of iodine in pregnancy. SETTING Population surveys and metabolic studies. SUBJECTS Pregnant women. RESULTS The main changes in thyroid function associated with pregnancy are due to an increase in hormone requirements that begin in the first trimester of gestation. This increase...

Adequate iodine is important during pregnancy to ensure optimal growth and development of the offspring. We validated an iodine-specific FFQ (I-FFQ) for use in Australian pregnant women. A forty-four-item I-FFQ was developed to assess iodine intake from food and was administered to 122 pregnant women at 28 weeks gestation. Iodine supplement use was captured separately at 28 weeks gestation. Cor...

Some years ago Marine and Feiss (1) and Marine and Rogoff (2, 3) first performed experiments which leave little doubt as to the ability of the dog’s thyroid gland, especially when hyperplastic, to bind iodine almost instantaneously. Marine and Feiss (1) carefully perfused the surviving thyroid gland with fluid containing iodine as KI. They found that after 1 hour a considerable amount of iodine...

BACKGROUND Widespread subclinical iodine insufficiency has recently been reported in Europe, based on urinary iodine using World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization criteria, in particular among young women. Although urinary iodine concentration (UIC) is a useful measurement of the iodine status in a population, it does not provide an insight into the habitual iodine intake of...

Iodine is a key component of the thyroid hormones which are crucial for brain development. Adequate intake of iodine in pregnancy is important as in utero deficiency may have lifelong consequences for the offspring. Data on the iodine status of UK pregnant women are sparse, and there are no such data for pregnant women in the South East of the UK. A total of 100 pregnant women were recruited to...

Surveillance of urinary iodine values of the U.S. population has been carried out at intervals since 1971. In this issue, Caldwell et al. (1) report on the most recent U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) iodine data, for the 2003–2004 sample. Reassuringly, there has been no significant change since the last NHANES survey in 2001–2002. Following a precipitous drop in u...

We use photoelectron spectroscopy, low energy electron diffraction, scanning tunneling microscopy, and density functional theory to investigate coverage dependent iodine structures on Pd(110). At 0.5 ML (monolayer), a c(2 × 2) structure is formed with iodine occupying the four-fold hollow site. At increasing coverage, the iodine layer compresses into a quasi-hexagonal structure at 2∕3 ML, with ...

BACKGROUND Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of preventable mental impairment worldwide. It is defined by WHO as mild if the population median urinary iodine excretion is 50-99 μg/L, moderate if 20-49 μg/L, and severe if less than 20 μg/L. No contemporary data are available for the UK, which has no programme of food or salt iodination. We aimed to assess the current iodine status of th...