Vegetation patterns and spatial organization are influenced by the changing environmental conditions and human activities. However, the effect of environment on vegetation at different vegetation classification levels has been unclear. We conducted an analysis to explore the relationship between environment and vegetation in the land use/land cover (LULC), vegetation group, vegetation type, and...

identification of the best vegetation indices (vis) for use in quantitative analyzes of vegetation is one of the important issues for ecologists. the objective of this study was sensitivity evaluation of vegetation indices to a stand volume for identification of the best vegetation index (vi) in stand volume estimation using a statistical sensitivity method. also, another objective of this stud...

[1] Degradation of cattle pastures is a management concern that influences future land use in Amazonia. However, ‘‘degradation’’ is poorly defined and has different meanings for ranchers, ecologists, and policy makers. Here we analyze pasture degradation using objective scalars of photosynthetic vegetation (PV), nonphotosynthetic vegetation (NPV), and exposed soil (S) derived from Landsat image...

A new instrument called a Multiband Vegetation Imager (MVI) (Kucharik et al., 1997), which uses a 16-bit charge-coupled device (CCD) camera and ®lter exchange mechanism to capture 2-band (visible and near-infrared) image pairs of plant canopies, has been used to measure the light distribution over sunlit leaves and indirectly infer leaf area index (LAI), sunlit LAI and leaf angle distribution (...

the purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between vegetation cover and soil characteristics in order to determine the most important soil factors which affect on quantitative variations and types of vegetation cover in the study area. the study area is located in west of tehran province and southeast of hashtgerd, next to najm-abad village. after field studies, the index ...

Plural globalizations refer to large-scale processes occurring today at an accelerated pace (due to information and communication technologies) and with extremely uneven effects (due to continuing and new inequalities). Conventional analytical and disciplinary frameworks can neither make adequate sense of, nor effectively politicize, these developments. The quantitatively large scales and quali...

For the development of polymer carpets as active devices for micro- and nanotechnology, a control of the polymer carpet morphology and especially control of the stimulus responsive polymer brush is needed. Here, we report on the first example for the fabrication of patterned polymer carpets. On a two-dimensional framework of fully crosslinked and chemically patterned nanosheets, polymer brushes...

In order to match the controllability of traditional pipetting with the advantages of microfluidics, we introduce the concept of polymer based chemical delivery to multichannel capillary patterned cells. Here we demonstrate that UV polymerized hydrogel can be used as a miniature pipet to deliver picolitre chemical quantities to multichannel capillary patterned cells.

By exploiting surface acoustic waves and a coupling layer technique, cells are patterned within a photosensitive hydrogel fiber to mimic physiological cell arrangement in tissues. The aligned cell-polymer matrix is polymerized with short exposure to UV light and the fiber is extracted. These patterned cell fibers are manipulated into simple and complex architectures, demonstrating feasibility f...