Politicians can bene…t by ensuring that public sector positions requiring political services are occupied by partisans. We study a model in which this political screening is achieved by varying the amount of required political services and associated compensation in otherwise similar positions. Past vote shares provide information on the population share of partisans, and we predict a U-shaped ...

Although in theory, elections are supposed to prevent criminal or venal candidates from winning or retaining office, in practice voters frequently elect and re-elect such candidates. This surprising pattern is sometimes explained by reference to voters’ underlying preferences, which are thought to favor criminal or corrupt candidates because of the patronage they provide. This paper tests this ...

Between February 1991 and April 1992, eight undergraduates at a US residential university and one at a nearby 2-year college contracted serogroup C meningococcal disease. A case-control investigation with 20 controls per case, oropharyngeal carriage surveys, and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE) of serogroup C isolates were used to identify factors contributing to the outbreak. All eight ...

In a recent paper Hensher and Houghton (2003) presented a formal economic framework for establishing an incentive-based performance contract regime to determine value for money in subsidy support for the provision of bus services. An important feature of the performance-based contract (PBC) regime is a passenger tripbased incentive payment scheme linked to user and environmental externality ben...

Why might citizens vote against redistributive policies from which they would seem to benefit? Many scholars focus on “wedge” issues such as religion or race, but another explanation might be geographically-based patronage or pork. We examine the tension between redistribution and patronage with a model that combines partisan elections across multiple districts with legislation in spatial and d...

In this chapter, I look at one form of decentralization that has been gaining popularity since the early 1980s – administrative unit proliferation, or the creation of new administrative units at higher rates than traditional administrative reasons suggest. Existing literature posits a local demand or patronage logic to explain this phenomenon. One overlooked aspect, however, is the effect of re...

A widely cited model of customer loyalty is the typology proposed by Dick and Basu (1994) that depicts loyalty as a two-dimensional construct involving relative attitude and repeat patronage. However, while Dick and Basu conceptualise the loyalty construct, they do not operationalise it or provide empirical evidence of its predictive ability. This paper reports a test of the predictive ability ...

The market for fast-moving consumer goods (FMCGs) in the Nigerian food and beverage industry has been inundated with a massive amount of promotional messages. These messages have resulted from intense competition rivalry among organizations that similar products. objective this study is to evaluate effect brand ambassador on patronage FMCGs. Furthermore, we explore mediating role advertisement ...

with the advent of shāhabbās, the safavid dynasty enjoyed its pinnacle of power. in this era, thanks to the endurance of cultural traditions and long reign of the safavids, and also the extraordinary patronage of artists by the court, the strengthening and establishing of art became realized. shāhabbās’ accession to the throne caused significant political change and as a result, many traditiona...