The genome sequences of Escherichia coli pathotypes reveal extensive genetic variability in the argW-dsdCXA island. Interestingly, the archetype E. coli K1 neonatal meningitis strain, strain RS218, has two copies of the dsdCXA genes for d-serine utilization at the argW and leuX islands. Because the human brain contains d-serine, an epidemiological study emphasizing K1 isolates surveyed the dsdC...

BACKGROUND Development of Verticillium wilt in olive, caused by the soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae, can be influenced by biotic and environmental factors. In this study we modeled i) the combined effects of biotic factors (i.e., pathotype virulence and cultivar susceptibility) and abiotic factors (i.e., soil temperature) on disease development and ii) the relationship between disease se...

Pea seed-borne mosaic potyvirus (PSbMV) isolates are divided into pathotypes P-1, P-2, and P-4 according to their infection profile on a panel of Pisum sativum lines. P. sativum PI 269818 is resistant to P-1 and P-2 isolates and is susceptible to P-4 isolates. Resistance to P-1 is inherited as a single recessive gene, denoted sbm-1, and the pathogenicity determinant has previously been mapped t...

Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) strains are a main cause of gastrointestinal disease in developing countries. In this study we report the epidemiologic surveillance in a 4-year period (January 2011 to December 2014) of DEC strains causing acute diarrhea throughout the Sinaloa State, Mexico. DEC strains were isolated from outpatients of all ages with acute diarrhea (N = 1,037). Specific DEC...

Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt), is a widely occurring disease of wheat in the North-Western Region Russia. Annual Pt surveys this region have been conducted between 2001 and 2021. In total, 740 single urediniospore isolates were analyzed over 20 years. Virulence to Lr9, Lr19 Lr24 rare 2001–2010 was not detected after 2010. Temporal variation virulence determined on Thatcher lines ...

to evaluate the reaction of some wheat advanced lines and cultivars to yellow rust at seedling stage, seeds of 200 accessions were planted in 5cm diameter pots (4-6 seeds per pot) in greenhouse. the seedlings were inoculated with fresh harvested urediniospores of two different races of puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (134e134a+ from karaj and 134e142a+ from maragheh, iran) when the first see...

Background: Foodborne infection caused by EnterotoxigenicEscherichia coli (ETEC) and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is one of the major health problems, particularly in the developing countries. Therefore, it is vital to identify the origin of food contamination to plan control strategies efficiently. Method: A tota...