Background: Pathogenesis-related (PR-1like) proteins are widely conserved in eukaryotes, but their biological function is unknown. Results: Knockout or site-directed mutagenesis of fpr1 encoding a secreted PR1-like protein in the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum impairs virulence on mice. Conclusion: Secreted PR-1-like proteins are important for fungal infection of mammals. Significance: Firs...

The cultivated almond displays a gametophytic self-incompatibility system, which avoids self-fertilization, and it is controlled by multi-allelic locus (S-locus) containing two genes specifically expressed in pistil (S-RNase) pollen (SFB). Studies on almonds with the same S-haplotype but different phenotype pointed to existence of unknown components this system explain its functioning. increase...

Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies are now the first-line treatment for many ocular diseases, but some patients non-responders to these therapies. The purpose of this study was determine whether level adiponectin increased pathogenesis retinal edema and neovascularization in retina progressive vascular diseases. We examined role played by two types cells animal models whic...

The Coronavirus disease 2019, identified by Chinese researchers to be the caused by a novel enveloped betacoronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus- 2 which was first isolated in Wuhan, China has been declared a global pandemic by the world health organization. The virus has several structural proteins that contributed to its pathogenesis such as spikes, membrane, envelop and n...

Antifreeze activity is induced by cold temperatures in winter rye (Secale cereale) leaves. The activity arises from six antifreeze proteins that accumulate in the apoplast of winter rye leaves during cold acclimation. The individual antifreeze proteins are similar to pathogenesis-related proteins, including glucanases, chitinases, and thaumatin-like proteins. The objective of this study was to ...

Excess manganese (Mn) supply causes formation of visible brown depositions in the cell walls of leaves of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), which consist of oxidized Mn and oxidized phenols. Because oxidation of Mn and phenolic compounds in the leaf apoplast was proposed to be catalyzed by apoplastic peroxidases (PODs), induction of these enzymes by Mn excess was investigated. POD activity increased ...