In response to pathogen attack, plants prioritize defense reactions generally at the expense of plant growth. In this work, we report that changes in phytohormone signaling pathways are associated with the stunted plant growth caused by blast disease in rice seedlings. Infection of rice seedlings with blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (race 007.0) at the four-leaf stage (three true leaves) result...

Penicillium expansum Link causes an economically important postharvest blue mold disease in a number of fruits and vegetables. In the present study, this fungus was isolated from rotted grapes identified on morphological basis. Identification pathogen further confirmed molecular basis by using four different primer pairs namely ITS, β-tubulin, CMD CF under accession numbers MN752155, MN787831, ...

Pseudallescheria/Scedosporium species are filamentous fungi widely distributed in nature. Some are considered emerging pathogen due to its clinical importance, especially in immunocompromised patients. During the last few years, many virulence factors have been described, some of them being molecules localized on the fungal cell wall, such as glycoproteins, polysaccharides and glycolipids. In t...

the purpose of this study was to examine the evolution of antimicrobial activity of flower extract of hibiscus sabdariffal against antibiotic-resistant escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus that isolates from the urinary tract infection by microtiterplate method. all 42 strains 30 e.coli and 12 s. aureus isolated from urine culture of hospitalized patients in zabol ( zabol, south-eastern i...

objectives: oral infections and dental caries are still considered as serious public health problems and inflict a costly burden to health care services around the world and especially in developing countries. materials and methods: in the present study, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of glycyrrhiza glabra (g. glabra) against oral pathogens by diffusion methods and determined the minim...

background: salmonella typhimurium is one of the most important species of salmonella that is intracellular parasite and attacks host mucus membrane. these bacteria can cause gastroenteritis, and their main transmission route is water, poultry, meat, egg, and raw food. the aim of this study was to detect three virulence genes associated with s. typhimurium named inva, stm4497, and flic183 genes...

conclusions: silver nanoparticles showed great antibacterial effectiveness on four important foodborne pathogens. therefore, ag nps could be a good alternative for cleaning and disinfection of equipment and surfaces in food-related environments. results: the mic values of ag nps against tested pathogens were in the range of 3.12-6.25 µg/ml. while listeria monocytogenes showed the mic value of 6...

rheum ribes is among the polygonaceae family which is endemic in iran and a few neighboring countries. in this investigation, antibacterial effects of root, stalk and leaves extracts of rheum ribes on a few common clinical isolates of gram negative pathogens were studied, using the cup plate and paper disc methods. gram negative microorganisms studied were escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumonia...

new approaches for treatment of infectious diseases in aquatic animals have important roles in aquaculture technology progress. in the present study, in vitro effects of different extracts of propolis, royal jelly and pollen obtained from beehives have been investigated on aquatic pathogenic bacterial isolates. the isolated bacteria identified on the basis of their biochemical properties and se...

Analysis of Fusarium head blight (FHB) pathogen diversity revealed that 3ADON producing Fusarium graminearum are prevalent in North America and identified significant population structure associated with trichothecene chemotype differences (F(ST)>0.285; P<0.001). In addition, we identified a trichothecene chemotype cline in Canada and documented a recent and significant shift in FHB pathogen co...