PURPOSE This study examined the reliability of patellar tendon cross sectional area (CSA) measurement using brightness mode ultrasonography. METHODS The patellar tendon CSA of fourteen participants was examined on two different days and at three different positions (proximal, median and distal). Five trials per day were conducted in each position, replacing the ultrasound probe on every trial...

This was a retrospective review of the nine open wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) done in a regional hospital in Hong Kong from 2006 to 2008. The mechanical hip-knee-ankle angle improved from average 169.5°(164°-175°) to average 183.9° (179°-187°). Patellar descent was noted in all patients postoperatively, with Blackburne-Peel (BP) index significantly changing from 0.78 (0.64-0.93) to 0.59 (0...

BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of tendon overuse injuries is poorly understood. The histopathology underlying tendinopathy at various anatomical locations is similar and may reflect a common pathologic process. HYPOTHESIS Apoptosis contributes to the pathophysiology in patellar tendinopathy. STUDY DESIGN Case control study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS We compared biopsy specimens from the ...

Purpose: To investigate the robustness of four fitting methods for bi-component effective spin-spin T2 (T2*) relaxation time analysis of human patellar tendon. Methods: A three-dimensional (3D) cone ultrashort echo-time (UTE) sequence was performed on the knees of ten healthy volunteers at 3.0T. Four fitting methods incorporating either Gaussian or Rician noise distribution were used for voxel-...

There is no consensus on how to best surgically treat chronic patellar tendinopathy. This systematic review investigates the surgical treatment for chronic patellar tendinopathy, and the outcomes. A database search was performed to identify all relevant articles, to which exclusion criteria were then applied. Data was extracted from 24 studies, and the outcomes were then systematically reviewed...

Sex differences exist with regards to ligament and tendon injuries. Lower collagen synthesis has been observed in exercising women vs. men, and in users of oral contraceptives (OC) vs. nonusers, but it is unknown if OC will influence tendon biomechanics of women undergoing regular training. Thirty female athletes (handball players, 18-30 yr) were recruited: 15 long-term users of OC (7.0 ± 0.6 y...

INTRODUCTION TO PATELLAR FRACTURES ASSESSMENT OF PATELLAR FRACTURES Patellar Fracture Injury Mechanisms Injuries Associated with Patellar Fractures Signs and Symptoms Imaging and Other Diagnostic Studies Classification Outcome Measures PATHOANATOMY AND APPLIED ANATOMY RELATING TO PATELLA FRACTURES Osseous Anatomy Arterial Blood Supply Soft Tissue Anatomy BIOMECHANICS OF THE EXTENSOR MECHANISM P...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between patellar cartilage defects and body mass index (BMI), infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) volume and age. 100 patients who met the inclusion criteria and were aged 18 to 60, were evaluated retrospectively. For detecting and measuring patellar cartilage defects, axial sequences were used and sagittal sequences were used to evaluate IPFP vol...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the existence of differences in the rehabilitation of patients after ACL reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone graft and the four-strand semitendinosus and gracilis tendon grafts, through a literature revision. The researched databases were MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, COCHRANE and PEDro. The inclusion criteria were published studies with methodolo...

BACKGROUND The healing mechanism of ruptured or injured tendons is poorly understood. To date, some lineage-specific factors, such as scleraxis and tenomodulin, have been reported as markers of tenocyte differentiation. Because few studies have focused on tenocyte lineage-related factors with respect to the repaired tissue of healing tendons, the aim of this study was to investigate their expre...