Replication is a key mechanism for developing fault-tolerant and highly available applications. In this paper, we present a replication framework for replicating CORBA objects that combines the active and passive replication techniques. We show how we have used axiomatic properties of a consensus protocol together with a generic architectural framework to bridge the gap between active and passi...

In the present paper bioaccumulation of Cr(III) ions by blue-green algae Spirulina sp. is discussed. We found that the process consisted of two stages: passive in which Cr(III) ions are bound to the surface of cells, identical with biosorption and active, metabolism-dependent, in which Cr(III) ions are transported into the cellular interior. The passive stage occurs in both living and non-livin...

The project ART proposes to enhance passive RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tags with cryptographically secure authentication. Starting with a short introduction into common RFID systems with passive tags, we present a motivation why secure authentication with standardized symmetric crypto algorithms for RFID tags is necessary for many applications. We demonstrate vulnerabilities of curre...

Abstract Metals, including austenitic steels and alloys, have been extensively applied in industrial engineering applications. Passive films on metal surfaces are very important for corrosion protection. However, localized attack, such as passive film breakdown the initiation of pits, is found upon exposure metals to aggressive ion-containing environments, leading material failure prominent adv...

dynamically stable biped robots mimicking human locomotion have received significant attention over the last few decades. formerly, the existence of stable periodic gaits for straight walking of passive biped walkers was well known and investigated as the notion of passive dynamic walking. this study is aimed to elaborate this notion in the case of three dimensional (3d) walking and extend it f...

Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is the core component in smart grid. Moreover, two-way communication between the user and the power utility is realized through AMI. Composition of AMI is described. AMI security requirements are illustrated. The threats on the smart meters, communications network, and data collector are analyzed, respectively. Passive and active defenses are investigated....

We provide insight into the interaction of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) with cell membranes to better understand their improved biocompatibility compared to carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Contrary to CNTs, no computational studies exist investigating the insertion mechanism and stability of BNNTs in membranes. Our molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that BNNTs are spontaneously attracted to...

We propose a detection mechanism that takes the advantage of virtualized environment and combines both passive and active detection approaches for detecting bot malware. Our proposed passive detection agent lies in the virtual machine monitor to profile the bot behavior and check against it with other hosts. The proposed active detection agent that performs active bot fingerprinting can send sp...

A new lefthanded see–saw mechanism is constructed, implying both the smallness of active–neutrino masses and decoupling of heavy passive neutrinos, similarly to the situation in the case of conventional see–saw. But now, in place of the conventional righthanded neutrinos, the lefthanded sterile neutrinos play the role of heavy passive neutrinos, the righthanded neutrinos and righthanded sterile...

Antibodies against the muscle acetylcholine receptor (AChR) are the most common cause of myasthenia gravis (MG). Passive transfer of AChR antibodies from MG patients into animals reproduces key features of human disease, including antigenic modulation of the AChR, complement-mediated damage of the neuromuscular junction, and muscle weakness. Similarly, AChR antibodies generated by active immuni...