Sovereignty and governance in contemporary Africa are hotly contested issues with important—even dire—consequences for all those interested in the continent’s markets, resources, people, and welfare. This article focuses not on questions of how authority is assigned or removed but on how it is shaped, worn, and performed for diverse audiences, particularly in the arena of “traditional governanc...

assigning a set of objects to groups such that objects in one group or cluster are more similar to each other than the other clusters’ objects is the main task of clustering analysis. sspco optimization algorithm is anew optimization algorithm that is inspired by the behavior of a type of bird called see-see partridge. one of the things that smart algorithms are applied to solve is the problem ...

There has been much research done on single-flock flocking Shaw (1975), Partridge (1984), Partridge (1982), Okubo (1986), Reynolds (1987), Vicsek et al. (1995), Toner & Tu (1998), Shimoyama et al. (1996), Mogilner & Edelstein-Keshet (1999), Helbing et al. (2000), Vicsek (2001), Parrish et al. (2002), Olfati-Saber (2006), but none done on multi-flock flocking Gazi & Fidan (2007). One might ask, ...

BACKGROUND Predation may potentially lead to negative effects on both prey (directly via predators) and predators (indirectly via human persecution). Predation pressure studies are, therefore, of major interest in the fields of theoretical knowledge and conservation of prey or predator species, with wide ramifications and profound implications in human-wildlife conflicts. However, detailed work...

BACKGROUND The grey partridge is an important game bird in Europe that has declined considerably over the last decades. The production and release of farm-bred birds can be threatened by infectious agents. The objective of this study was to describe the outbreak, pathology, and blood and tissue biochemical responses in a flock of grey partridges naturally infected with Mycoplasma gallisepticum....

The previous paper in this series (Thompson, 1955) reported some amino acid sequences in lysozyme which were deduced from the structures of a number of small peptides isolated from partial acid hydrolysates by displacement chromatography on ion-exchange resins and further fractionation on paper chromatograms. Despite the success achieved by Partridge and co-workers (see Partridge & Brimley, 195...

Little is known about the magnitude of the effects of lead shot ingestion alone or combined with poisons (e.g., in bait or seeds/granules containing pesticides) on population size, growth, and extinction of non-waterbird avian species that ingest these substances. We used population models to create example scenarios demonstrating how changes in these parameters might affect three susceptible s...

Current methods of intensive breeding of the red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa) are based on "industrial" laying practices, including removal and artificial incubation of eggs. These procedures can alter the reproductive behavior and physiology of the birds and, therefore, may not be suitable for use in breeding programs designed to increase wild populations. This study aimed to determine th...

The objective of this investigation was to study the histological structure of the gall bladder in the common quail (Coturnix coturnix). Samples were obtained from six male and six female healthy adult common quail. Tissue sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Histological results showed that the overall histology of the gall bladder of the common quail is similar to that in the ch...