The effect of unipolar electrostatic charges on the total deposition efficiency in the human respiratory tract has been investigated. Monodisperse carnauba wax particles of diameter between 0.3 and 1.1 micron were charged, in a corona discharge apparatus, with a number of elementary charges ranging from about 30 to 110 per particle, with a narrow distribution. The experiments were performed wit...

This study deals with the particle size measurement of nine aerosol metered dose inhalers. Calibration was made possible by the use of a laser particle velocimeter (aerodynamic Particle Sizer from TSI). The count median aerodynamic diameters (CMAD) show little variation, from 0.63 to 0.73 micron, with standard deviations (sigma g) between 1.2 and 1.8. Aerodynamic diameter aerosol diagram analys...

Algal blooms (increased abundance of phytoplankton) are an increasingly common phenomenon which has been causally linked to increased ̄uxes of nutrient (particularly nitrogenous) compounds to aquatic ecosystems. These blooms have implications for water quality and human health in addition to ecosystem productivity, health and ecological diversity. Anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen to the atmos...