Results On average there were 7 POS around each school, with one in twelve POS directly visible from school gates. Advertising was more common internally (77.8% of all POS) than externally, and price promotions were more frequent indoors than outdoors. External tobacco ads were recorded in 19.7% of POS. British American Tobacco and Altria Group, Inc. (parent company of Philip Morris) were respo...

Recent research has documented empirical evidence of informed trading ahead of major corporate events such as earnings announcements, mergers and acquisitions and corporate bankruptcies. However, no such evidence exists ahead of corporate spinoffs (SP). Using a sample of 426 corporate SPs from 1996 to 2013, we document pervasive activity in options of the parent company, but not in stocks, that...

In this paper we elaborate on Swiss Solvency Test (SST) consistent group diversification effects via optimizing the web of capital and risk transfer (CRT) instruments between the legal entities. A group level SST principle states that subsidiaries can be sold by the parent company at their economic value minus some minimum capital requirement. In a numerical example we examine the dependence of...

INTRODUCTION Under a Small Business Innovative Research program sponsored by the Missile Defense Agency, Pacific Advanced Technology (PAT, the parent company to Gas Imaging Technology, LLC) is developing an approach to infrared spectral imaging that will enable production of a much smaller, more robust, lower cost optical imaging system for the Smart LDAR community than is available today. This...

The paper systematically elaborates on the liability of supervisory board members. Although members do not manage business company, their role is important because they make sure that company’s conducted in a way acceptable to all stakeholders company. At same time, responsibility based principle as management who company's activities. Such stems from fundamental obligation undertake activities...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the complex relationships in school and family environment that influence divorce adjustment children aged 6-11. framework research ecological theory put forward by Bronfenbrenner. was designed conducted a qualitative design phenomenological used provide comprehensive understanding experience. Within scope research, custodial parents, classroom teache...

In recent years, there is a growing interest in learning Bayesian networks with continuous variables. Learning the structure of such networks is a computationally expensive procedure, which limits most applications to parameter learning. This problem is even more acute when learning networks with hidden variables. We present a general method for significantly speeding the structure search algor...

Parental care emerges as a result of an increase in the extent of interaction between parents and their offspring. These interactions can provide the foundation for the evolution of a range of complex parental behaviors. Therefore, fundamental to understanding the evolution of parental care is an understanding of the factors that promote this initial increase in parent-offspring association. He...