BACKGROUND Although human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) has been determined as an important viral cause of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in infants and young children, data on long-term investigation are still lacking to disclose the infection pattern of HPIV in China. METHODS Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from 25,773 hospitalized pediatric patients with ARIs from January 2004 th...

BACKGROUND Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are an important cause of acute respiratory illness in young children but little is known about their epidemiology in the tropics. METHODS From 2003-2007, we conducted surveillance for hospitalized respiratory illness in rural Thailand. We performed reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction on nasopharyngeal specimens and enzyme immunoassay...

Cell fusion by human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) type 2 or type 3 requires the coexpression of both the fusion (F) and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoproteins from the same virus type, indicating that promotion of fusion requires a type-specific interaction between F and HN. In this report we have further investigated the interaction of the ectodomains of the F and HN glycoproteins from ...

Parainfluenza virus (PIV) can cause significant morbidity after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). We report the first use of inhaled DAS181 for PIV in an allogeneic SCT recipient. Symptoms, oxygenation, and pulmonary function tests improved. Nasopharyngeal samples showed a reduction in viral load. DAS181 should be systematically evaluated for severe PIV infection.

We performed a multicenter case-control study on incident cases of giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia, and tested for viruses known to induce multinucleated giant cells in human pathology. IgM directed against Human parainfluenza type 1 virus were shown to be significantly associated with the onset of the disease in 40% of the cases, versus 20% of the controls.

Using target capture of viral nucleic acid and next-generation sequencing, we generated the complete genomes of two novel human parainfluenza virus 1 isolates. Isolates AR001 (accession no. KX570602) and NM001 (accession no. KX639498) were collected 3 months apart from pediatric patients with acute respiratory infection from Arkansas and New Mexico, respectively.

BACKGROUND Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory illness (ARI) in children. Population-based incidence rates and comprehensive clinical characterizations of disease have not been established. METHODS We conducted population-based prospective surveillance for 2 years in 2 US counties of HMPV infection among children <5 years old who were hospitalized with ARI or ...

BACKGROUND Although information about the incidence of viral respiratory illnesses and their associated cost can help health officials explore the value of interventions, data are limited from middle-income countries. METHODS During 2008-2010, we conducted a prospective cohort study and followed ~1,800 Argentinian children aged ≤5 years to identify those children who were hospitalized or who ...