Trypsin or Tumor associated trypsin (TAT) activation of Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) promotes tumor cell proliferation in gastrointestinal cancers. The role of the trypsin/PAR-2 network in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) development has not yet been investigated. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of trypsin/PAR-2 activation in EA tumorogenesis and therapy. We found that e...

Purpose: To understand the functional and preclinical efficacy of targeting the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (u-PAR) in ovarian cancer. Experimental Design: Expression of u-PAR was studied in 162 epithelial ovarian cancers, including 77 pairs of corresponding primary and metastatic tumors. The effect of an antibody against u-PAR (ATN-658) on proliferation, adhesion, invasion, apopto...

The polarization of eukaryotic cells is controlled by the concerted activities of asymmetrically localized proteins. The PAR proteins, first identified in Caenorhabditis elegans, are common regulators of cell polarity conserved from nematode and flies to man. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which these proteins and protein complexes establish cell polarity in mammals....

We studied dynamics of cell surface expression of proteolytically activated thrombin receptor (PAR-1) in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAEC). PAR-1 activation was measured by changes in cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and HPAEC retraction response (determined by real-time transendothelial monolayer electrical resistance). [Ca2+]iincrease in response to thrombin was abolis...

l’esprit mondain, très à la mode aux xviie et xviiie siècles, est caractérisé par le « bon ton » des brillantes sociétés. de l’observation critique et envieuse, qui anime la vie sociale de l’époque et dont le but est de montrer le ridicule de l’autre, et par conséquent, son infériorité, on passe au persiflage et au plaisir de faire le mal. les deux plus grandes personnifications de cet esprit m...

We addressed the mechanisms of restoration of cell surface proteinase-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) by investigating thrombin-activated signaling pathways involved in PAR-1 re-expression in endothelial cells. Exposure of endothelial cells transfected with PAR-1 promoter-luciferase reporter construct to either thrombin or PAR-1 activating peptide increased the steady-state PAR-1 mRNA and reporter...

Apical constriction is a major mechanism underlying tissue internalization during development. This cell constriction typically requires actomyosin contractility. Thus, understanding apical constriction requires characterization of the mechanics and regulation of actomyosin assemblies. We have analyzed the relationship between myosin and the polarity regulators Par-6, aPKC and Bazooka (Par-3) (...

The application of OFDM within a multi-user downlink scenario is considered. Thereby, two problems occur. First, due to OFDM, the transmit signal exhibits a large peak-to-average power ratio (PAR). Second, the multi-user interferences have to be equalized (or precoded) at the transmitter side. In this article, we address combined precoding and PAR reduction. As precoding schemes sorted Tomlinso...

BACKGROUND Protease activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) has been implicated in cellular proliferation, invasion and metastasis with angiogenesis in various tumors. This prompted us to study the role of PAR-2 in tumor advancement of ovarian cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight patients underwent surgery for ovarian cancers. In ovarian cancers, PAR-2 histoscores and mRNA levels were determined b...

Specification of some cell fates in the early Caenorhabditis elegans embryo is mediated by cytoplasmic localization under control of the maternal genome. Using nine newly isolated mutations, and two existing mutations, we have analyzed the role of the maternally expressed gene par-4 in cytoplasmic localization. We recovered seven new par-4 alleles in screens for maternal effect lethal mutations...