in this paper, we have calculated the environmental efficiency for india, turkey, egypt and iran. the results show that iran’s environmental efficiency has experienced a decreasing trend from 1991 to 2007and india, turkey, egypt and iran have the highest environmental efficiency, respectively. we also have investigated the environmental kuznets curve for this period using data envelopment analy...

The spatial function division of urbanization (SFDU) based on the value chain has an important impact optimizing industrial layouts these areas and promoting regional coordinated development. Based urban panel data from Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) 2007 to 2016, this paper uses SYS-GMM, fixed-effects, quantile regression methods test SFDU development further reveals its mechanism impact. ...

This article aims to verify the impact of reduced IP Box tax rate on revenues gaming companies and Gibrat’s Law stating that firm growth is independent a company’s size. The dynamic panel-data models estimated in this using GMM, FE panel data OLS methods were created based 673 from 11 countries. We show small firms are growing faster than their larger rivals. Thus, we reject Law. did not find e...

This paper proposes a new mapping method combining GMM and codebook mapping methods to transform spectral envelope for voice conversion system. After analyzing overly smoothing problem of GMM mapping method in detail, we propose to convert the basic spectral envelope by GMM method and convert envelope-subtracted spectral details by GMM and phone-tied codebook mapping method. Objective evaluatio...

This paper presents a new approach to modeling speech spectra and pitch for text-independent speaker identification using Gaussian mixture models based on multi-space probability distribution (MSD-GMM). The MSD-GMM allows us to model continuous pitch values for voiced frames and discrete symbols representing unvoiced frames in a unified framework. Spectral and pitch features are jointly modeled...

Impressive progress has been recently witnessed on deep unsupervised clustering and feature disentanglement. In this paper, we propose a novel method top of one recent architecture with explanation Gaussian mixture model (GMM) membership, accompanied by GMM loss to enhance the clustering. The is optimized explicitly computed parameters under our coupled inspired framework. Specifically, takes a...

This study examines FDI influence on economic growth in 24 emerging market economies. The generalized Method of Moment (GMM) method is used this research using panel data to see the effect growth. also uses Panel Vector Error Correction Model (PVECM) short-term relationship and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) long-term relationship. finds strong empirical evidence indicating that s...

This paper develops consistent model and moment selection criteria for GMM estimation. The criteria select the correct model speci"cation and all correct moment conditions asymptotically. The selection criteria resemble the widely used likelihoodbased selection criteria BIC, HQIC, and AIC. (The latter is not consistent.) The GMM selection criteria are based on the J statistic for testing over-i...