Autophagy, a process for catabolizing cytoplasmic components, has been implicated in the modulation of interactions between RNA viruses and their host. However, the mechanism underlying the functional role of autophagy in the viral life cycle still remains unclear. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a single-stranded, positive-sense, membrane-enveloped RNA virus that can cause chronic liver disease. He...

The objective of present study is to evaluate the effect of anti-allergic activity of dichloromethanolic extract and related lignans from Magnolia biondii Pamp. Dried flower buds of Magnolia biondii were collected in China, three lignans were isolated from dichloromethane extract of Magnolia biondii and identified as: Magnolin, Pinoresinol dimethyl ether, Lirioresinol-B dimethyl ether. Anti-all...

The lengthy process to generate transformed plants is a limitation in current research on the interactions of model plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae with hosts. Here we present an easy method called agromonas, where quantify P. growth agroinfiltrated leaves Nicotiana benthamiana using cocktail antibiotics select plates. As proof concept, demonstrate that transient expression PAMP receptors r...

BACKGROUND [Corrected] Expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) is used in after cardiac surgeries. However, its hemodynamic effects have not been clearly studied. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the hemodynamic changes caused by EPAP in patients after cardiac surgery monitored by Swan-Ganz. METHODS Patients at the first or second cardiac surgery postoperative period hemodynamically stable with a S...

Microbial pathogens have evolved protein effectors to promote virulence and cause disease in host plants. Pathogen effectors delivered into plant cells suppress plant immune responses and modulate host metabolism to support the infection processes of pathogens. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as cellular signaling molecules to trigger plant immune responses, such as pathogen-associated molecu...

Bacterial pathogens causing systemic disease commonly evolve from organisms associated with localized infections but differ from their close relatives in their ability to overcome mucosal barriers by mechanisms that remain incompletely understood. Here we investigated whether acquisition of a regulatory gene, tviA, contributed to the ability of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi to disseminate ...

Immunity of plants triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) is based on the execution of an evolutionarily conserved defense response that includes the accumulation of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins as well as multiple other defenses. The most abundant PR transcript of barley (Hordeum vulgare) leaf epidermis attacked by the powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp ho...

The phytochemicals of various parts of the plants mainly the secondary metabolites are well known for its high potential therapeutic values such as antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiplasmodial, antioxidant, insecticidal etc. In the present investigation an attempt was made to analyze the various phytochemicals present in Artemisia nilagirica (Clarke) Pamp which is wi...

Background: In the last decades a special attention has been focused on the role of disturbed immune balance in the behavioral co-morbidities of tumor patients. The prognostic significance of malignant tumor-induced imbalance in the innate immune system is well known. The innate system uses a limited number of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR) to recognize conserved Pathogenic Associated Mole...

Ubiquitination regulates many processes in plants, including immunity. The E3 ubiquitin ligase PUB17 is a positive regulator of programmed cell death (PCD) triggered by resistance proteins CF4/9 in tomato. Its role in immunity to the potato late blight pathogen, Phytophthora infestans, was investigated here. Silencing StPUB17 in potato by RNAi and NbPUB17 in Nicotiana benthamiana by virus-induc...