Biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid natural products in tobacco was perturbed by introduction of a heterologous (bean) phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL; L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, EC 4.3.1.5) gene, modified by inclusion of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S enhancer sequences in its promoter. These transgenic plants can exhibit a series of unusual phenotypes including localized fluorescent lesions, a...

Palbio (PAL, Palbio 50 RD, Bioibérica, Spain) is a protein concentrate based on hydrolyzed porcine digestive mucosa dried under a fluid bed system over a soybean carrier, currently used in piglet feeds. The digestibility of PAL is very high and the product may be an excellent source of protein for young chicks. An experiment was conducted with 1,280 straight-run one-d-old Ross 308 chicks to eva...

A lambda-free logical framework takes parameterisation and deenitions as the basic notions to provide schematic mechanisms for speciication of type theories and their use in practice. The framework presented here, PAL + , is a logical framework for speciication and implementation of type theories, such as Martin-LL of's type theory or UTT. As in Martin-LL of's logical framework NPS90], computat...

In this paper we propose a novel method for reasoning about actions and knowledge that has optimal computational complexity. In our approach, we use two different extensions of public announcement logic (PAL). The first, PALA, extends PAL with assignments, and the second, that we call PALAT, extends PAL with assignments and tests; both are equally expressive. First, we encode Scherl&Levesque’s ...

We propose a new data structure, Parallel Adjacency Lists (PAL), for efficiently managing graphs with billions of edges on disk. The PAL structure is based on the graph storage model of GraphChi [14], but we extend it to enable online database features such as queries and fast insertions. In addition, we extend the model with edge and vertex attributes. Compared to previous data structures, PAL...

Neste trabalho apresentamos o projecto Procura-PALvras (P-PAL) cujo principal objectivo é desenvolver uma ferramenta electrónica que disponibilize informação sobre ı́ndices psicolingúısticos objectivos e subjectivos de palavras do Português Europeu (PE). O P-PAL será disponibilizado gratuitamente à comunidade cient́ıfica num formato amigável a partir de um śıtio na Internet a construir para o efe...

Here we tested in rats effects of the procognitive drugs modafinil and methylphenidate on post-acquisition performance in an object-location paired-associates learning (PAL) task. Modafinil (32; 64 mg/kg) was without effect, while higher (9 mg/kg) but not lower (4.5 mg/kg) doses of methylphenidate impaired PAL performance. Likewise, higher but not lower doses of amphetamine (0.4; 0.8 mg/kg) and...