Adenoviruses (AdVs) are icosahedral viruses with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. Genome packaging in AdV is thought to be similar to that seen in dsDNA containing icosahedral bacteriophages and herpesviruses. Specific recognition of the AdV genome is mediated by a packaging domain located close to the left end of the viral genome and is mediated by the viral packaging machinery. Our unders...

Packaging of the eight genomic RNA segments of influenza A viruses (IAV) into viral particles is coordinated by segment-specific packaging sequences. How the packaging signals regulate the specific incorporation of each RNA segment into virions and whether other viral or host factors are involved in this process is unknown. Here, we show that distinct amino acids of the viral nucleoprotein (NP)...

saffron is a strategic exporting crop in our country and iran is known as the greatest producer and exporter of it in the world. deficient packaging systems can be the most common reasons of the decline in the iran's share in exporting saffron. appling the modern methods of packaging such as hurdle technology can greatly maintain the quality of saffron. despite developments in saffron packaging...

But re-designing or optimising packaging involves a great deal more than simply making technical changes or packaging processes. In most cases, a total packaging solution will be called for, involving primary, secondary and tertiary pack functions, plus merchandising and on-pack messaging to the consumer. Trials may also have to be held to test customer perception and acceptance of the new pack...

As extended producer responsibility gains ascendancy in sustainable development, proper management of the life cycle of a product is becoming more and more important. This paper presents a general overview of product life cycle assessment (LCA) and sustainable product packaging over the last four to five years. The review of life cycle assessment includes on overview of LCAs conducted over the ...

Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), including vacuum packaging, is a well-known technique used to prolong the shelf life of perishable food products. By eliminating or replacing the air surrounding a packed food product, various deteriorative processes that occur in food can be restricted mostly by reducing O2-concentrations and increasing CO2-concentrations. As it is important to maintain the...

for companies operating in the age of convergence of the quality of the products, differentiation is inevitable. packaging as a differentiation tool can be a remedy in this way. one of the differentiating ways in packaging is to design a kind of packaging that possesses some aesthetic aspects by which the product and even the brand of it can be recognize. previous researches showed that having ...

Dynamic packaging has been introduced as an innovative technology allowing for the automated online configuration and assembling of packaged travel products for individual customers. While dynamic packaging has been widely accepted by customers in UK and US markets, the possible strategic impacts enabled by dynamic packaging technologies are still uncertain. This article provides a study of the...

in this study lemon juice were packaged at three type of packaging ( pet , pe and glass bottles ). the samples were stored ten weeks at 20 and 40 ◦c . physicochemical (ph, acidity, brix, vitamin c , so2 and formalin number ) and sensory properties of lemon juice were evaluated on every two weeks. the results showed that the two storage temperatures(20 and 40 ◦c ) had not any significant effect ...

The title of the Keynote Symposium at the 2012 Poultry Science Association Meeting at the Georgia Center in Athens, Georgia, was “Tomorrow’s Poultry: Sustainability and Safety.” The purpose of the symposium was to provide members and guests of the Poultry Science Association an opportunity to be updated on the recent developments in enhancing the safety of poultry foods and also to interact wit...