Asymmetric expression of several genes in the early eye anlagen is required for the dorsoventral (DV) and anteroposterior (AP) patterning of the retina. Some of these early patterning genes play a role in determining the graded expression of molecules that are needed to form the retinotectal map. The polarized expression of retinoic acid synthesizing and degrading enzymes along the DV axis in t...

Treatment of F9 teratocarcinoma stem cells with retinoic acid (RA) causes their irreversible differentiation into extraembryonic endoderm. To elucidate the role of the cellular retinoic acid binding protein-I (CRABP-I) in this differentiation process, we have generated several different stably transfected F9 stem cell lines expressing either elevated or reduced levels of functional CRABP-I prot...

In an attempt to identify autoantigens of synovium in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we constructed lambda phage expression cDNA libraries from synovium and screened them by IgG purified from synovial fluids, both of which were derived from RA patients. As a result of this unique combination of the libraries and probes, we cloned follistatin-related protein (FRP) as a novel autoantigen in systemic ...

/>'-All-rrun.v-ri'l¡noie acid (RA) has been shown to inhibit the growth, enhance the differentiation, and suppress the transformed and metastatic properties of certain human and murine melanoma cells. This study examined the effect of RA on the level of a cell surface receptor (M, 78,000) (gp78) for an autocrine motility factor, which has been implicated in invasion and metastasis. Treatment o...

The wound epidermis is a transient secretory epithelium that apposes the mesenchymal blastema of a regenerating urodele limb, and is required for regeneration. Previous studies have shown that the positional identity of the blastema is respecified by retinoic acid (RA; Maden, M. (1982) Nature 295, 672-675), that the blastema contains RA (Scadding, S. R. and Maden, M. (1994) Dev. Biol. 162, 6086...

This paper is a survey of recent results concerning connections between relation algebras (RA), cylindric algebras (CA) and polyadic equality algebras (PEA). We describe exactly which subsets of the standard axioms for RA are needed for axiomatizing RA over the RA-reducts of CA3’s, and we do the same for the class SA of semi-associative relation algebras. We also characterize the class of RA-re...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease whose cause remains obscure. Blood from 15 RA patients and controls was taken and their ghosts separated. The ghosts were analysed for cholesterol content, Na+/K+ ATPase activity and eicosapentaenoic acid. The cholesterol content in the ghosts of RA patients was significantly lower as compared with the set of controls. There was a majo...

While vitamin A has been implicated in host resistance to infectious disease, little is known about the role of vitamin A and its active metabolite, retinoic acid (RA) in host defenses against cancer. Here, we show that local RA production within the tumor microenvironment (TME) is increased up to 5-fold as compared with naïve surrounding tissue, with a commensurate increase in RA signaling to ...