In this paper, we use resource-bounded dimension theory to investigate polynomial size circuits. We show that for every i ≥ 0, P/poly has ith order scaled p 3 -strong dimension 0. We also show that P/poly i.o. has p 3 -dimension 1/2, p 3 -strong dimension 1. Our results improve previous measure results of Lutz (1992) and dimension results of Hitchcock and Vinodchandran (2004).

The problem of counting unlabelled subtrees of a tree (that is, subtrees that are distinct up to isomorphism) is #P-complete, and hence equivalent in computational difficulty to evaluating the permanent of a 0,1-matrix.

Implications of a formal context (G,M, I) have a minimal implication basis, called Duquenne-Guigues basis or stem base. It is shown that the problem of deciding whether a set of attributes is a premise of the stem base is in coNP and determining the size of the stem base is polynomially Turing equivalent to a #P-complete problem.

We show that an essential part of the new (Jones-type) polynomial link invariants can be computed in subexponential time. This is in a sharp contrast to the result of Jaeger, Vertigan and Welsh that computing the whole polynomial and most of its evaluations is #P-hard.

We show that it is #P-complete to count the number of bases of matroids representable over a fixed infinite field or fields of fixed characteristic.

Most identity-based identification (IBI) schemes proposed in recent literature are built using pairing operations. This decreases efficiency due to the high operation costs of pairings. Furthermore, most of these IBI schemes are proven to be secure against impersonation under active and concurrent attacks using interactive assumptions such as the one-more RSA inversion assumption or the one-mor...