Background/Aims: Currently available techniques for fluoride analysis are not standardized. Therefore, this study was designed to develop standardized methods for analyzing fluoride in biological and nonbiological samples used for dental research. Methods: A group of nine laboratories analyzed a set of standardized samples for fluoride concentration using their own methods. The group then revie...

Recently, there has been great interest in the synthesis and application of various kinds of nanostructured noble metals such as platinum, gold and silver. Nanostructured silvers have been widely investigated as antimicrobial materials, bio-sensors, catalysts, and advanced materials exhibiting surface plasmon resonance and surface enhanced Raman scattering. All this research is mainly based on ...

Background/Aims: Currently available techniques for fluoride analysis are not standardized. Therefore, this study was designed to develop standardized methods for analyzing fluoride in biological and nonbiological samples used for dental research. Methods: A group of nine laboratories analyzed a set of standardized samples for fluoride concentration using their own methods. The group then revie...

In order to interpret the structural and functional roles of the lipids in roots, the composition of the lipids of these organs must be determined. A survey was made of the fatty-acid composition of roots of selected crop species. Seeds were germinated under sterile conditions; the lipids were extracted from the roots, methyl ester were prepared of the fatty acids, and the fatty acids were anal...

The use of chemically amplified photoresists for the fabrication of sub-100 nm features will require spatial control with nanometer level resolution. To reach this goal, a detailed understanding of the complex reaction-diffusion mechanisms at these length scales is needed and will require high spatial resolution measurements. In particular, few experimental methods can directly measure the spat...

An augmented-vision device for patients with severely restricted peripheral visual field (tunnel vision) was proposed, combining a see-through HMD and minified contour detection. Implemented commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) configurations were tested in real environments by Retinitis Pigmentosa patients and normally sighted subjects. 1. Objective and Background In normal vision two different sub...

This paper reports on double-stranded (ds) DNA separation by silicon micro-pillar array chips. Micro-pillars with a high aspect ratio were fabricated, allowing a large sample loading using only a small chip footprint. Our work demonstrated that a 2cm array is sufficient to separate dsDNA fragments, ranging in length from 10 base pairs (bp) to 400bp using ion-pair reversed-phase (IP-RP) chromato...

Head mounted displays (HMDs) have disappointed real world users in their inability to live up to over-hyped expectations. This does not, however, mean that HMDs are useless. While still technologically lacking in some areas, appropriately designed HMDs can be extremely useful tools. We will look at the limitations of current HMDs and ways around them. Rather than approach the problem from the o...

The Taxiway Navigation and Situation Awareness (T-NASA) system is a prototype augmented reality commercial airline cockpit display suite developed to increase efficiency and enhance situation awareness (SA) during airport surface taxi operations. The T-NASA system consists of a head-up display (HUD) and an electronic moving map (EMM), which allow for the display of navigation information using ...

We have recently demonstrated the viability of silicon microarray pins, taking advantage of lithographic and batch processing of silicon micromachining in comparison with conventional and serial processing currently used for commercial pins. The reduced spot size (< 50% in diameter, i.e., > 4X in array density), however, made such undesirable needs as preprinting more pronounced. Preprinting, a...