cc This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Assessment of cerebral oxygen supply-demand balance by near-infrared spectroscopy during induction of anesthesia in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft s...

Leprosy is caused by invasion of Mycobacterium leprae bacilli occurring intracellularly. The innate methods by which the human body meets the challenge of invading live microbes is to destroy the microbes through an activation system leading to biochemical production of oxygen and other free radicals by the phagocytic cells[1] . Reactive Oxygen species (ROS) released during bacterial phagocytos...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE After cerebral vessel blockage, local blood flow and O2 consumption becomes lower and oxygen extraction increases. With reperfusion, blood flow is partially restored. We examined the effects of ischemia-reperfusion on the heterogeneity of local venous oxygen saturation in rats in order to determine the pattern of microregional O2 supply/consumption balance in reperfusion....

One hypothesis for the small size of insects relative to vertebrates, and the existence of giant fossil insects, is that atmospheric oxygen levels constrain insect body sizes because oxygen delivery is more challenging in larger insects. This study tested this hypothesis in dragonflies by measuring the oxygen sensitivity of flight metabolic rates and behavior during hovering for 11 species of d...

BACKGROUND Adult cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength are related to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Both are possibly related to birth weight, but it is unclear what the importance is of genetic, maternal and placental factors in these associations. DESIGN Peak oxygen uptake and measures of strength, flexibility and balance were obtained yearly during adolescence (10-18 year...

Stroke is the third most common cause of death worldwide, and most stroke survivors present some functional impairment. We assessed the striatal oxidative balance and motor alterations resulting from stroke in a rat model to investigate the neuroprotective role of physical exercise. Forty male Wistar rats were assigned to 4 groups: a) control, b) ischemia, c) physical exercise, and d) physical ...

Oxygen supply was corrected in rabbits during the hepatic ischemia/reperfusion by means of different breathing mixtures: hypoxic (14.8 % O(2)+85.2 % N(2)), hyperoxic (78 % O(2)+20.2 % N(2)+ 1.8 % CO(2)), or hypercapnic (5 % CO(2) in air). Hepatic ischemia was induced for 30 min by ligation of hepatic artery, reperfusion period lasted 120 min. Indices of blood oxygen transport (p50(act), pCO(2),...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for life of aerobic organisms. They are produced in normal cells and formed as a result of exposure to numerous factors, both chemical and physical. In normal cells, oxygen derivatives are neutralized or eliminated owing to the presence of a natural defense mechanism that involves enzymatic antioxidants (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, c...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to compare cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic balance using heart rate variability (HRV) during induction of anaesthesia between sevoflurane and isoflurane in combination with nitrous oxide. METHODS 40 individuals aged from 30 to 60 years, scheduled for general anaesthesia were equally divided into sevoflurane or isoflurane groups. After 100% oxyg...

A strong distinction must be made between the following situations of anaemia: Under chronic conditions, i.e. anaemia with a reduced Hb concentration (cHb), normovolaemia is given and, therefore, the patient’s acid-base balance is not impaired. Oxygen supply as well as tissue oxygenation is suffi cient, partly as a result of the right shifted oxygen binding curve (increase in 2,3-DPG), down to ...