Government ownership of banks is very common in countries other than the United States. This paper provides cross-country, bank-level empirical evidence about political influences on these banks. It shows that government-owned banks increase their lending in election years relative to private banks. This effect is robust to controlling for country-specific macroeconomic and institutional factor...

The Tragsa Group is part of the group of companies administered by the Spanish state-owned holding company Sociedad Estatal de Participaciones Industriales (SEPI). Its 37 years of experience have placed this business group at the forefront of different sectors ranging from agricultural, forestry, livestock, and rural development services, to conservation and protection of the environment in Spa...

Traffic flow on a unidirectional roadway in the presence of traffic lights is modeled. Individual car responses to green, yellow, and red lights are postulated and these result in rules governing the acceleration and deceleration of individual cars. The essence of the model is that only specific cars are directly affected by the lights. The other cars behave according to simple follow-the-leade...

This document was prepared under the sponsorship of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Neither the United States Government nor any person acting on behalf of the United States Government assumes any liability resulting from the use of the information contained in this document or warrants that such use will be free from privately owned rights. If trade names or manufacturers' n...

This paper was prepared as the result of work sponsored by the California Energy Commission (Energy Commission) and the California Environmental Protection Agency (Cal/EPA). It does not necessarily represent the views of the Energy Commission, Cal/EPA, their employees, or the State of California. The Energy Commission, Cal/EPA, the State of California, their employees, contractors, and subcontr...

We develop a model that examines the capital structure and investment decisions of regulated firms in a setting that incorporates two key institutional features of the public utilities sector in many countries: firms are partially owned by the state and regulators are not necessarily independent. Among other things, we show that regulated firms issue more debt, invest more, and enjoy higher reg...

As organisational learning in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) has been attracted by the academics in recent years, the relevant topics of organisational learning in SMEs are becoming an important issue both in the research of organisational learning and the investigation of SMEs. According to the previous literatures, the quantitative research showed that there are different characters betw...

Having satisfied employees is one of the key pillars of a successful organisation. Satisfied employees results in greater productivity and less staff turnover. There are several factors that influence overall employee satisfaction, these include the level of communication, the relationships with co-workers and the nature of the work. The aim of this study was to determine the degree to which ce...

Plant shutdowns shape industry productivity, the dynamics of employment, and industrial restructuring. Plant closures account for more than half of gross job destruction in U.S. manufacturing. This paper examines the effects of firm structure on U.S. manufacturing plant closures. Plants belonging to multiplant firms and those owned by U.S. multinationals are less likely to exit. However, the su...

Plant shutdowns shape industry productivity, the dynamics of employment, and industrial restructuring. Plant closures account for more than half of gross job destruction in US manufacturing. This paper examines the effects of firm structure on US manufacturing plant closures. Plants belonging to multi-plant firms and those owned by US multinationals are less likely to exit. However, the superio...