A simple, rapid and precise gas chromatographic method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of miconazole nitrate (MIZ) and metronidazole (MNZ) in tablets and ovules, using a capillary column AE.SE-54 (15 m × 0.53 mm, i.d.) and nitrogen as a carrier gas at a flow rate of 9 mL min(-1). The oven temperature was programmed at 140°C for 3 min, with a rise of 40°C min(-1) up to 180°...

OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and safety of a 3-day regimen of clindamycin vaginal ovules with a 7-day regimen of clindamycin vaginal cream for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV). METHODS Women with a clinical diagnosis of BV were treated with a 3-day course of clindamycin ovules or a 7-day course of clindamycin cream administered intravaginally. Three hundred and eighty-four patie...

How does a pollen tube seek out and find an ovule, its ultimate goal inside the female reproductive organs of a flower? And once an ovule has been found and fertilized, how are other pollen tubes prevented from attempting the same task? These interesting questions have been posed and considered for over 100 years, and direct answers will soon be available. A structural guidance mechanism by its...

Pollen limitation is predicted to be particularly severe in tundra habitats. Numerous reproductive patterns associated with alpine and arctic species, particularly mechanisms associated with reproductive assurance, are suggested to be driven by high levels of pollen limitation. We studied the reproductive ecology of Parrya nudicaulis, a species with relatively large sexual reproductive investme...

The female gametophyte of flowering plants, called the embryo sac, develops from a haploid cell named the functional megaspore, which is specified after meiosis by the diploid sporophyte. In Arabidopsis, the functional megaspore undergoes three syncitial mitotic divisions followed by cellularization to form seven cells of four cell types including two female gametes. The plant hormone auxin is ...

Sexual reproduction of flowering plants is distinguished by double fertilization—the two sperm cells delivered by a pollen tube fuse with the two gametic cells of the female gametophyte, the egg and the central cell—inside the ovule to give rise to the embryo and the nutritive endosperm, respectively. The pollen tube is attracted by nongametic synergid cells, and how these two cells of the fema...

ycadophyta presently consists of the living order Cycadales, which is comprised of three families worldwide. In the Mesozoic, cycads were represented by the Cycadales, plus another large order, Cycadeoidales (also referred to as Bennettitales). Cycadophyta is thought to have evolved from the Paleozoic seed ferns (pteridosperms), as did conifers, and eventually, angiosperms. However, Cycadales a...

In flowering plants, diploid sporophytic tissues in ovules and anthers support meiosis and subsequent haploid gametophyte development. These analogous reproductive functions suggest that common mechanisms may regulate ovule and anther development. Two Arabidopsis Auxin Response Factors, ARF6 and ARF8, regulate gynoecium and stamen development in immature flowers. Wild-type pollen grew poorly in...

In the wild-type cotton (DP 5690), the cell walls of elongating cotton fibers are bilayered, with the outer layer enriched in de-esterified homogalacturonan (HGA), and an inner layer enriched in xyloglucans and cellulose. This bilayer is conspicuously absent in the cell walls of the ovule epidermal cells and in the fiber of the short fiber mutants Ligon lintless 1 and Ligon lintless 2. The high...