Direct evidence that IGF-I has any significant effect on embryo growth is lacking. We therefore studied the effect of administration of IGF-I on the chick embryo in ovo. Five hundred ng pure IGF-I (purified from human plasma) were given to chick embryos on 2 occasions (7 and 14 d) by injection directly into the allantoic sac. Treated and control (saline injected) chicks hatched on the same day ...

BACKGROUND Little is known about the factors that control the initiation of growth of primordial follicles. Primordial follicles in pieces of fetal bovine ovarian cortex spontaneously activate in vitro and develop to the primary stage, but few follicles develop further. For decades, embryologists have grafted tissue to the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of chick embryos to study the development...

BACKGROUND To investigate the prevalence of obesity and diabetes among adult men and women in India consuming different types of vegetarian diets compared with those consuming non-vegetarian diets. METHODS We used cross-sectional data of 156,317 adults aged 20-49 years who participated in India's third National Family Health Survey (2005-06). Association between types of vegetarian diet (vega...

The chicken embryo provides an excellent model system for studying gene function and regulation during embryonic development. In ovo electroporation is a powerful method to over-express exogenous genes or down-regulate endogenous genes in vivo in chicken embryos(1). Different structures such as DNA plasmids encoding genes(2-4), small interfering RNA (siRNA) plasmids(5), small synthetic RNA olig...

Thirty-four explants of epithelium and subjacent mesenchyme from the hind limb buds of 5-day chick embryos were cultured for 1 to 14 days. Controls consisted of a series of in ovo limb bud specimens from 5 day's incubation to hatching. Both experimental and control specimens were examined by similar electron-microscopic methods. Differentiation of epidermis was precocious and that of dermis ext...

Thyroid hormones (THs) play a vital role in vertebrate neural development, and, together with the beta isoform of the thyroid hormone receptor (TRβ), the development and differentiation of cone photoreceptors in the vertebrate retina. Rainbow trout undergo a natural process of cone cell degeneration during development and this change in photoreceptor distribution is regulated by thyroxine (T4; ...

The appearance of very virulent strains of infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus at the end of the 1980s made it necessary to develop more effective immunization procedures. To facilitate this, the immunogenicity and the immunosuppressive effect of a mild (G-87), an intermediate (LIBD) and an intermediate-plus (IBDV 2512) IBDV strain were tested after the in ovo inoculation of 18-day-old SPF an...